Thursday, December 26, 2019

The Field of Child Welfare - 1896 Words

There are a number of scholars who have written works that have shaped and are in alignment with my own views for research in the field of child welfare. The most eminent, however, are Gary Mallon, Alma Carten, Harriet Goodman, and Manny Gonzalez, for the simple fact that these authors and researchers have fostered a number of crucial methodologies that ensure a salutary ending and beginning of a successful life for a child welfare program participant. I am determined to research how the criminal justice and foster-care systems create synergy and how both systems affect childrens ability to function as adults. I have chosen to focus on child welfare because after the immediate needs of both these systems are met the lasting effects mentally impacts families. The effects of a disenfranchised family can be crippling to a young child and examining where these systems fall short in child welfare deems to be my ultimate goal. Of the general bevy of work that Mallon has produced relating t o the ultimate success of child welfare programs, one of its most vital components is his research into the facilitation of junior life development skills. The ultimate goal of the foster-care system is to produces autonomous, independently functioning individuals who can successfully contribute to society despite the fact that they have lacked a number of traditional resources afforded to them by dysfunctional familial environments. The foster care system plays an integral role in helpingShow MoreRelatedSocial Worker And Child Welfare Social Field1611 Words   |  7 Pageslearn and think about social workers in the child welfare social field. As a prospective social worker, my questions were formed based thoughts that I was concerned about my responsibilities in the social work field.. Before going into further details, I first asked Ms. Katie to tell me about herself. She started sharing her experience with working in the child welfare for almost 16 years and how she she has enjoyed the experience. The field helped her gain more knowledge than what sheRead MoreThe Importance Of Child Welfare931 Words   |  4 PagesIn my opinion, child welfare is one of the most prevalent issues in social work today. Child welfare services were specifically designed to protect children from anything that could potentially harm them including: abuse, neglect, poverty and lack of resources among other things. No matter the circumstance, in child welfare the interest of the child is always the top priority. In certain situations, this could include removing the child from the home, but the preferred option is to help the familyRead MoreA Social Worker At Legacy Village Transitional Rehabilitation Center1702 Words   |  7 PagesMegan stated that she loves the population sh e works with and wants to continue working in the senior care industry. Megan is now the social services director at Legacy village. Legacy village is Megan’s second place of employment in the social work field since obtaining her degree. Megan has many responsibilities and tasks to complete as the social service director and case manager. It is Megan’s job to assess patient’s individual situations and ensure that they receive the necessary care and treatmentRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Work On Children And Family s Needs Assistance Essay1419 Words   |  6 PagesWorking in a field where both children and family’s needs assistance to stop abuse and negligence. Families in search of help during tough times and transitioning for a sophisticated life. In a world where children make 27% of the world population, they are considered the weakest of mankind and cannot protect themselves from adults who abuse them. The only way they can be protected is if they have an adult on their side to get them to places they have to be in orde r to be safe and succeed in lifeRead MoreThe Child Welfare System That Could Benefit From Technological Advancements1135 Words   |  5 PagesSOCIETAL CONCERNS There are so many aspects of the child welfare system that could benefit from technological advancements the societal concerns revolve around priorities. Between educational consistency, funding, caseloads, connectedness and training society needs to consider which aspect should be addressed first that will most significantly impact the best interests of the child. If case workers are tasked with providing additional services, this may increase turnover and decrease the qualityRead MoreField Placement Statement For Work972 Words   |  4 PagesMy field placement is employment base thorough The New York City Administration for Children’s Services (ACS). ACS is a governmental agency that â€Å"protects and promotes safety and well-being of New York City’s children and families by providing child welfare, juvenile justice, and early care and education services† (ACS - About, n.d.). The mission of the Administration for Children’s Services (ACS) Division of Child Protection (DCP) is to protect all children who are being abused or neglectedRead MoreThe Social Work Field Work Performance1198 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction According to CNN Money the social work field is the one of Americas most overworked and underpaid professions. Essentially, they work hard and do more with very little resources. When the Great Recession occurred in 2007 the tax revenue declined. States have made spending cuts, drained reserves, and reduce necessary services. Majority of the programs targeted was that of much need social workers and nurses. Usually in lower income areas where families are affected the most. How can weRead MoreThe Social Work Policies1506 Words   |  6 Pages Social Work Policies Social Welfare Q 1 Income support policies in the United States Income support policies in the United States view the monetary aspect of individual and family well-being. Income support policies are categorized into two that is direct cash transfers and indirect cash transfers. Income support programs are aimed at reducing poverty levels and boosting the economic growth of United States. Major historical developments took place in the late 1950s. In 1958, social securityRead MoreChild Welfare Services Technology : An Area Of Much Needed Improvement1421 Words   |  6 Pages Child Welfare Services Technology INTRODUCTION Reform of child welfare services and their accessibility is an area of much needed improvement. Some of the many aspects of care that can be improved with advanced technological resources are referrals, intake, coverage, and placement. Case management, delivery of services, finance, organizational forms, education, and outcomes are also areas for enhancement. Due to a lack of consistency within states and state to state programs along withRead MoreImportance Of Generalist Approach In Social Work1743 Words   |  7 PagesApplying the Generalist Practice Approach to Social Work with Child Advocacy Centers The basic foundation of the generalist practice approach began in the early 1900s. By the 1960s, the generalist approach started evolving into the description of individuals who had the abilities to work at different practice levels ranging from individual to community (Schatz et al, 1990). In the mid-1970s, the core curriculum for the generalist practice social worker was generated. In 1987, Schatz and Jenkins

Wednesday, December 18, 2019

Bedřich Smetana’s Piano Trio in G Minor, Op. 15 - 1332 Words

Piano Trio in G Minor, Op. 15, is the first of several pieces of music to be inspired by a tragedy in Smetana’s life. Spurred by the death of his beloved daughter BedÃ…â„¢iÃ… ¡ka (1851-1855), â€Å"an extraordinarily gifted child, [Smetana was inspired] to compose [his] chamber work in 1855.† (Large 65) The trio starts with feelings relating to Smetana’s anguish, followed by a dedication to the memory of his daughter torn between her life and death, and ending with a movement that gives eventual closure to Smetana’s loss. The style of the trio involves stylistic elements of both Schumann and Liszt, as is characteristic of several of Smetana’s musical pieces (Clapham 65) and is composed of three voices: the violin, cello, and piano. In the first†¦show more content†¦The principle theme of the third movement (See Figure 3.) is taken from the Czech folksong Sil jsem proso na souvrait† (â€Å"I was sowing millet†), a theme which Smetana also uses in his â€Å"Characteristic Variations on a Czech Fok Song† and in his â€Å"Piano Sonata in G Minor.† This song is associated with the Rebellion of the 1840s in which Czech citizens struggled to end the Absolutism power and to make Czech the national language and encourage Czech identity (Large 34). By using a theme that represents the Czech radicals’ desire to express their identity, Smetana creates a parallel to his desire to come to terms with the loss of his daughter, a part of his identity that is lost forever. Figure 3 (Smetana). The principle theme consists of a polyrhythm with couplets versus triplets, giving an uneven feel to the flow of the piece. This could express the irregularity of his dying daughter’s heart beats. This part of the piece is played presto and the melody switches off between the piano and the strings. When the strings take over the melody, the dynamics crescendo, giving a more impassioned feel. This empowered section depicts the anger Smetana felt at the loss of his daughter. Smetana ends this portion of fury suddenly and decides to enter into a new slower and softer tempo (this is a standard characteristic throughout the

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Sample Letter Regarding the Israeli Cinema Essay Example For Students

Sample Letter Regarding the Israeli Cinema Essay As a proud figure in our community today and someone who is very passionate about Israeli history, I would like to organize a Movie Night program. The Movie Night program will be followed by a short discussion. I am writing to you all because I feel as though it is extremely important to discuss explain why the culture of Israel through the medium cinema. There are several advantages of learning from films rather than learning through other forms of representation. During the program I will show ten movies that clearly illustrate the changes in Israeli society throughout the past century. Watching and analyzing major Israeli films, we will explore the intensity of the place, its trends throughout history, and see how filmmakers respond both to the dreams and the reality of modern Israel. The program will mostly explore the tensions between â€Å"the individual† and â€Å"the collective† as it pertains to Zionism, gender and sexuality, religion, the conflict with Arabs, and Mizrahi ethnicity. The films that will be viewed throughout the program will relate to each other in many ways. The relations will be thematic as well as artistic. There is no reason why after reading this letter you will have a problem sponsoring this great program. As the program begins we will go in depth and talk about the beginning stages of Israeli film. Noah Sokolovsky’s 1913 film, Eretz Yisrael, is a qualified starter film when talking about the very early stages of film in Israel. Noah Sokolovsky’s voyage started in Odessa in April 1913 as he boarded a ship towards Israel along with almost 100 Jews. The film crew arrived in Jaffa and wherever they went people would crowd the streets. The film showed Jaffa’s teacher’s school and Gymnasia, Tel-Aviv’s main school. Some of the clips showed the establishing of orange industries and showed camels carrying the crates to Jaffa for export. It also showed wine vineyards as well as some residents leaving the synagogue after services. The synagogue was called Zichron Yaakov. Another clip showed a man with one arm plowing behind a horse. One of the last clips shows a festival and crowds and crowds of people. It also showed Jewish athletes in some sort of sport presentation. Overall, the film expresses that the lives of the residents in Palestine during 1913 were lively and most importantly productive. Of course this was all 35 years before Israel was founded. This movie was to show how nice and easy-going life was in Palestine. The biggest goal for these filmmakers was that they wanted to spread the idea of Zionism. The next movie night program will be Yet another movie that shows the moving and inching towards â€Å"the collective† is Helmar Lerski’s Avodah. This film was a milestone documentary that celebrates the early pioneers that settled in Palestine. With surprisingly adequate visual compositions for that time and a pleasant soundtrack by the Budapest Symphony Orchestra, this movie shows the technological and agricultural feats of the early Israeli settlers. It also applauds the ideas of a new Jewish state. Most of the clips taken from the movie are shots from the Jaffa Port in Tel-Aviv. Other short clips are of several kibbutzim at that time. Helmar Lerski had an expressive style that created a very mythic image of the common Jew in Palestine. The settlers were showed triumphing amidst the sweeping desert landscape. What people should take away from the movie is that it was mainly a propaganda film, feeding the spread of Zionism. It was to show the strengthening of the land, the overall agriculture booming and shows the redemptive efforts of the early Jewish settlers. One point that will also be talked about in the discussions is that compared to other films at this time, this one in particular has cinematic language. It doesnt have a narration but at the same time it has these accepted conventions or methods by which movies communicate. Other topics that would be discussed are the ongoing push for masculinity among Jews and how women werent really very relevant until much later. As we move on in time twenty or thirty years later we arrive at the heroic years in Israel. The discussions that will take place after the movie is shown are those that involve the heroic years. The heroic genre years started in the forties and are still going on through the present day. The basis of these years show mainly wars. These years go from the Independence Wars, all the way through the First and Second Lebanon Wars. Thorold Dickinson goes along with the underlying theme of these years in his 1955 classic, Hill 24 Doesnt Answer. This theory of how Israeli soldiers have been fighting for their land with such heroism and devotion for their country is represented fully in this film. The movie is taken from a predominantly Israeli point of view. The main points in the film are voiced out with a bit of conviction and confidence. This feature film was the first ever shot in Israel. It deals with the Israeli War of independence and the breakout of animosity and aggression between countries. Different scenes show the audience the courage and bravery of the soldiers themselves. For example, the clips near the end of the film where unfortunately some of the soldiers die. Although they were bombed, the soldiers claimed the hill. The flag was taken from one of the soldier’s dead bodies so that it could be clearly represented who was the victor, Israel. This shows the viewers how â€Å"heroic† these soldiers, but at the same time citizens of Israel were. With the establishment of the Jewish state, Israel’s in general want to settle down and have a normal life with a more westernized style. Boaz Davidson understands this slow but steady transition when he starts the Lemon Popsicle campaign in 1978. This Israeli cult film’s main themes are surrounded by sex. The movie focuses on three teens that grow up in Tel Aviv, dealing with their friendships with each other and mostly their sexual experiences with the opposite sex. Making A Movie EssayYehuda, the lyricist and Yaacov, the guitarist, sing about desertion, death, love, loss and guilt. This was a gritty, straightforward documentary that showed the heartfelt feelings of two very distraught children who grew up to became musical artists. Through their music, they and the audience took a cathartic journey. The next night of the program will be the Holocaust topic continued. We will go over in our discussions this night about the children of the Holocaust survivors and how they imagine their parents as survivors. This Boaz Davidson film, Alex Holeh Ahavah or Alex is Lovesick was made in 1986. This cult film portrays times in Israel during the 1950’s. It is a romantic comedy that was made during a time when Israel was going through an austerity period. Overall, this film uses several authentic examples to genuinely recreate the times of this country during the 1950’s through the romantic comedy genre. The first example of austerity in Israel in the film is of course the black market scene. Almost 700,00 immigrants came to Israel around 1948, which led to austerity in the country. The staple foods like oil and butter were some of the good that were rationed. Inevitably, black markets started to pop up and would sell these smuggled goods from the countryside for higher prices. The scene picks up as Alex and his mother arrive at the apartment where the black market is. The scene itself is genuine of the times based on how suspicious the lady at the door was the whole scene. This paints a picture of how serious it was but also offers a comedic way of looking at it based on the movie genre. Alex’s mother was surprised with the amount the lady was charging for butter, which is also accurate based on the fact that that people were charged higher prices during this time. Other examples throughout include the clothes and dress of the actors in the film as well as the search for lost family members due to the Holocaust. In the film, Alex’s aunt, Lola, is a Holocaust survivor from Poland in search for her lost husband. They got lost after the invasion of Poland by the Nazis. This is also obviously historically accurate because many people were in a panic and lost many family members during this time. Once again, this movie does an outstanding job portraying some of the aspects people living in Israel had to do deal with during this harsh time in history. Alex is Lovesick clearly illustrates how Boaz Davidson tries to harshen the blow of the past realities. After the Holocaust, we will dive into the Orientalizing of Arab-Jews. A lot of stereotyping goes on about those that are Mizrahi. In the discussions, we will pinpoint what stereotypes can be found in the movies and how they compare to stereotypes in our culture today. Sallah was a 1964 feature directed by Ephraim Kishon. The film brings about the craziness that was Israeli immigration through cinematic comedy. The main character, Sallah Shabati, throughout the movie completely insinuates the different stereotypes of the time. The irreverent depictions of Kibbutzim during the film are indeed somewhat head-turners. The false representation of Kibbutzniks in the film contradicts the myth of Socialist solidarity and collectivist idealism. The film did end up getting nominated for an Academy award in 1964. Despite the clear, stereotypical messages throughout the movie, the film is a success. What is learned from this situation is that being controversial, most of time, sells. Continuing with the personal genre, the next movie we would show in the program is Late Marriage, directed by Dover Kosashvili. It is an Israeli film that was released in 2001. The film deals with the struggles of marriage of a Judaea-Georgian family and their son. â€Å"Zaza† has already found his true love but he wouldnt dare ask her to marry him because of his family and how extremely strict they are. There are certain traditions that must stay in place from generations to generations. The proper spouse is important for a Georgian-Israeli family. This superbly played film, directed with remarkable skill for a first-time feature filmmaker, is truly an adult drama. It deals with the kind of compromises and sacrifices that, for better or worse, come with maturity. Koshashvili also makes effective use of explicit sexuality to enrich his story without ever appearing the slightest bit lewd. I would end the Movie Night program with a somewhat of a controversial subject, Gay and Lesbians cinema. The new millennium brought on different types of social groups to light in Israel. â€Å"Fucking Different Tel Aviv† is an anthology of shorts showing the diverse views gay sexuality in a traditional Tel-Aviv, from the point of view of twelve gay and lesbian filmmakers. Yair Hochner was one of the directors of the 2008 feature film. The film delivers a well-balanced piece of unique shorts that contain story, characters, plot and atmosphere. The film reveals the key role politics and religion play in gay and lesbian sexualities in Israel. It has underlying themes that could reinforce stereotypes of gay and lesbian life in Tel-Aviv today, though the different ways of approaching the topic undermines any attempt to define a singular gay or lesbian Israeli lifestyle. All I all, this film takes you to loosen up and look again at the traditional concepts of â€Å"masculinity† and â€Å"Femininity. The movies that will be shown will again explore the intensity of the place, its trends throughout history, and see how filmmakers respond both to the dreams and the reality of modern Israel. It should be clear to all those who took the time to read this letter that this Movie Night Program is a necessity in our community today. Movies teach us all about ourselves, past and present societies. They can be an amazing source of insight and inspiration; we just have to be willing to learn.

Monday, December 2, 2019

The History And Background Of Tesco Accounting Essay Example For Students

The History And Background Of Tesco Accounting Essay Tesco is one the UKs biggest nutrient supermarket offering a assortment of services for nutrient and non-food merchandises which include insurance, amusement, electrical goods and many more. It employs over 500,000 people around the universe with over 300,000 in the UK itself. It has around 3000 shops in the UK and a turning figure of shops abroad in states such as Thailand, China, Hungary, India and the United States. ( Tesco website ) Harmonizing to the company one-year studies in 2011 Tesco made ?72.0bn gross revenues all over the universe in which 66 % was from U.K. It is quickly reportedly the no 1 supermarket in U.K following by Sainsbury s, Asda and Morrison s. Harmonizing to a study done by Telegraph it was believed that one lb in every seven that is spent in British stores goes through Tesco s boulder claies. The chief ground of choosing Tesco for the essay is its popularity among the consumers and its variegation from merely being into food markets to get downing their ain fiscal services. Tesco was one of first shops to travel planetary from U.K in footings of supermarket. We will write a custom essay on The History And Background Of Tesco Accounting specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now This essay will discourse accounting policies of Tesco in relation to non-current assets and will compare them with the International accounting criterions ( IAS ) . Then it will pull a decision how they are of import to company s public presentation and how premises and opinions made by direction affect in measuring of its non-current assets. Besides in the terminal the essay will discourse proposed alterations in International Financial Reporting Standards and how they may impact the public presentation and place of Tesco. Outline1 Non Current Assetss2 Property, Plant and EquipmentA3 Features4 Condition5 Recognition6 Measurement after acknowledgment7 Significance8 Investing Property9 Features10 Condition11 Recognition12 Measurement after acknowledgment13 Significance14 Premises and estimations15 Depreciation and amortization16 Pensions17 Proposed alterations in International Financial Reporting Standards18 IAS 19 ( Amended )19 IAS 17 Leases20 Decision Non Current Assetss IFRS defines an Asset as: A resource controlled by the endeavor as a consequence of past events and from which future economic benefits are expected to flux to the endeavor. By and large there are 2 types of Asset which include Current and Fixed or Non Current Assets. Non-current assets typically form a big proportion of the entire assets of a company. The accounting policies and appraisal techniques that are used in relation to non-current assets frequently have a material impact on the overall place and public presentation of a company. Tesco prepare their fiscal statements in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards and Company Act 2006. They are prepared on the historical cost footing, except for certain fiscal instruments, share-based payments, client trueness programmes and pensions that have been measured at just value. By traveling through the Tesco fiscal statements it has been observed that the company has the undermentioned Non Current Assets. Goodwill and other intangible assets Property, works and equipment Investing belongings Investings in joint ventures and associates Other investings Loans and progresss to clients Derivative fiscal instruments Deferred revenue enhancement assets The subdivision below will discourse some points from above and will compare them to International accounting criterions and find the importance to the place and public presentation of the company. Property, Plant and EquipmentA Harmonizing to IAS 16A Property, Plant and EquipmentA draw the accounting intervention for most types of belongings, works and equipment. The primary map in accounting for belongings, works and equipment are the acknowledgment of the assets, the finding of their carrying sums and the depreciation charges and impairment losingss to be recognised in relation to them. Features Harmonizing to IAS 16 Property, works and equipment are touchable points that: are held for usage in the production or supply of goods or services, for rental to others, or for administrative intents are expected to be used during more than one period Condition The cost of an point of belongings, works and equipment shall be recognised as an plus if, and merely if: There would be possible economic benefits from the point and which will flux to the entity The cost of the point can be measured faithfully. Recognition An point of belongings, works and equipment that meet the demands for acknowledgment as an plus shall be measured at its cost. The cost of an point of belongings, works and equipment should be recognised at the purchase day of the month. Measurement after acknowledgment There are two theoretical accounts available that a company can utilize in its accounting policy ; the cost theoretical account or the reappraisal theoretical account Cost Model After acknowledgment as an plus, an point of belongings, works and equipment shall be carried at its cost less any accrued depreciation or damage. A The deprecation should be based on twelvemonth terminal residuary value. There are 3 types of deprecation method which can be used. ( Warren, Reeve and Duchac, 2009 ) Straight line Decreasing Balance Unit of measurement of Production Revaluation Model -The plus is carried at a re-valued sum, being its just value at the day of the month of reappraisal less subsequent depreciation and damage, provided that just value can be measured faithfully. A Significance Plant, Property and equipment does nt number towards bricks and howitzer merely but plays a really significance function in accounting. Noncurrent assets are by and large more profitable than current assets, but besides carry more hazard as they might be hard to change over into hard currency. In Tesco Property, works and equipment is carried at cost less accrued depreciation and any recognized damage in value. Property, works and equipment are depreciated on a straight-line footing to its residuary value over its expected utile economic life. The undermentioned depreciation rates are applied for the Group: Freehold and leasehold edifices with greater than 40 old ages unexpired at 2.5 % of cost Leasehold belongingss with less than 40 old ages unexpired are depreciated by equal one-year episodes over the unexpired period of the rental ; and Plant, equipment, fixtures and adjustments and motor vehicles at rates fluctuating from 9 % to 50 % . .ufe1124d46915ae1e86894a131c79fdc8 , .ufe1124d46915ae1e86894a131c79fdc8 .postImageUrl , .ufe1124d46915ae1e86894a131c79fdc8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufe1124d46915ae1e86894a131c79fdc8 , .ufe1124d46915ae1e86894a131c79fdc8:hover , .ufe1124d46915ae1e86894a131c79fdc8:visited , .ufe1124d46915ae1e86894a131c79fdc8:active { border:0!important; } .ufe1124d46915ae1e86894a131c79fdc8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufe1124d46915ae1e86894a131c79fdc8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufe1124d46915ae1e86894a131c79fdc8:active , .ufe1124d46915ae1e86894a131c79fdc8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufe1124d46915ae1e86894a131c79fdc8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufe1124d46915ae1e86894a131c79fdc8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufe1124d46915ae1e86894a131c79fdc8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufe1124d46915ae1e86894a131c79fdc8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufe1124d46915ae1e86894a131c79fdc8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufe1124d46915ae1e86894a131c79fdc8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufe1124d46915ae1e86894a131c79fdc8 .ufe1124d46915ae1e86894a131c79fdc8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufe1124d46915ae1e86894a131c79fdc8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Jurassic Park Essay SummaryFor illustration it can be seen that the entire cost of land A ; edifice and others are recorded at cost of ?34,772 Million and Accumulated depreciation and damage losingss are charged at ?8,172 Million to cut down down the figure to ?25710 Million. In 2012 Tesco made a net income of ?376 million on belongings from around ?1 billion of disposals. The net income on belongingss has played a critical function in conveying up the net income to entire ?3,835 Million. Furthermore Tesco has purchased more Plant, belongings and equipment worth ?3,274 Million for future trading intents. ( Tesco one-year study, 2012 ) Investing Property Investing propertyA is belongings ( land or a edifice or portion of a edifice or both ) held ( by the proprietor or by the leaseholder under a finance rental ) to gain leases or for capital grasp or both. Features Harmonizing to IAS 40, Investment belongings is non considered as belongings if it ( a ) Use in the production or supply of goods or services or for administrative intents ; or ( B ) Sale in the ordinary class of concern Condition A belongings may be classified and accounted for as investing belongings provided that: ( a ) It meets the needed criterion in definition ( B ) The operating rental is treated as a finance rental in conformity with IAS 17 Leases ; and ( degree Celsius ) The leaseholder uses the just value theoretical account set out in this Standard for the plus recognised. Recognition Investing belongings should be recognised as an plus when it is likely that the future economic benefits that are associated with the belongings will flux to the entity, and the cost of the belongings can be faithfully measured. Investment belongings is ab initio measured at cost, including dealing costs. Measurement after acknowledgment IAS 40 allows the coverage entity to follow either the just value theoretical account or the cost theoretical account as its accounting policy for investing belongings. A Fair value model- Under the just value model the investing belongings is revalued to fair value. Any alterations in just value are recognized in net income or loss in period of alteration. Besides no deprecation is recorded for the period. Cost model- An entity utilizing shall mensurate ALL of its investing belongings in conformity with IAS 16 Property, Plant A ; Equipment demands for that theoretical account. Assetss should be reported at cost less accrued depreciation and accumulated impairment losingss. Besides depreciation disbursal should be recognised each period Significance One of the cardinal investing necessities that a belongings investor needs to be cognizant of is the gross rental output. The gross output is a step of the relationship between an investing belongingss income bring forthing capacity ; the rent it produces and its capital value. ( Welland Media Limited, 2012 ) Tesco uses cost theoretical account where Investment belongings assets are carried at cost less accrued depreciation and any recognized damage in value. The depreciation policies for investing belongings are consistent with those described for owner-occupied belongings. For 2012 the recorded cost for investing belongings is ?2253 Million and the deprecation ( besides includes impairment losingss ) histories to be ?262 Million. The Net transporting value at terminal of the twelvemonth which is ?1991 can be seen in balance sheet. The estimated just value of the Group s investing belongings is ?4.3bn for 2012.This just value has been determined by using an appropriate rental output to the leases earned by the investing belongings. The entire rental income Tesco received for 2012 is ?605 Million which has contributed towards the uninterrupted operation of the coverage. Premises and estimations Appraisal, premises and opinions in the accounting policies play a really critical function while fixing the fiscal histories for any company. The uncertainness factor can significantly alter the existent consequences so the estimations made by the directors in the accounting policies. Some houses have used estimations and opinions to unsuitably pull strings their fiscal statements. In Tesco the direction makes all the opinions, estimations and premises while fixing the amalgamate Group fiscal statements and its determination affects the policies and reported sums of assets and liabilities, income and disbursals. The estimations and associated premises are based on historical experience and assorted other factors that are believed to be sensible under the fortunes. Actual consequences may differ from these estimations. The estimations and implicit in premises are reviewed on an on-going footing. Critical estimations and premises that are applied in the readying ofA the amalgamate fiscal statements include: Depreciation and amortization The Group exercises opinion to find utile lives and residuary values of intangibles, belongings, works and equipment and investing belongings. The assets are depreciated down to their residuary values over their estimated utile lives. I ) Damage of good will Goodwill originating on concern is non amortised but is studied for damage on an one-year footing, or more often if there are indicants that good will may be impaired. Any good will which is acquired by any other concern is being monitored by the direction degree for damage. Key definition Transporting sum: A the sum at which an plus is recognised in the balance sheet after subtracting accrued depreciation and accumulated impairment losingss. Recoverable sum: A the higher of an plus s just value less costs to sell ( sometimes called net merchandising monetary value ) and its value in usage. Fair value: A the sum gettable from the sale of an plus in an arm s length dealing between knowing, willing parties. Value in usage: A the discounted present value of the hereafter hard currency flows expected to originate from: The go oning usage of an plus. Its disposal at the terminal of its utile life. Recoverable sums for cash-generating units are based on the higher of value in usage and just value less costs to sell. Value in usage is calculated from hard currency flow projections for by and large five old ages utilizing informations from the Group s latest internal prognosiss. The cardinal premises for the value in usage computations are price reduction rates, growing rates and expected alterations in borders. Management estimation price reduction rates utilizing pre-tax rates that reflect the current market appraisal of the clip value of money and the hazards specific to the cash-generating units. Changes in selling monetary values and direct costs are based on past experience and outlooks of future alterations in the market. The pre-tax price reduction rates utilized by the board to calculate value in usage range from 6 % to 17 % ( 2011: 8 % to 14 % ) . On a post-tax footing, the price reduction rates fluctuated from 5 % to 13 % ( 2011: 6 % to 12 % ) ( Tesco one-year study, 2 012 ) .u27b3788967d3707111d324fe8f678e8a , .u27b3788967d3707111d324fe8f678e8a .postImageUrl , .u27b3788967d3707111d324fe8f678e8a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u27b3788967d3707111d324fe8f678e8a , .u27b3788967d3707111d324fe8f678e8a:hover , .u27b3788967d3707111d324fe8f678e8a:visited , .u27b3788967d3707111d324fe8f678e8a:active { border:0!important; } .u27b3788967d3707111d324fe8f678e8a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u27b3788967d3707111d324fe8f678e8a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u27b3788967d3707111d324fe8f678e8a:active , .u27b3788967d3707111d324fe8f678e8a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u27b3788967d3707111d324fe8f678e8a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u27b3788967d3707111d324fe8f678e8a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u27b3788967d3707111d324fe8f678e8a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u27b3788967d3707111d324fe8f678e8a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u27b3788967d3707111d324fe8f678e8a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u27b3788967d3707111d324fe8f678e8a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u27b3788967d3707111d324fe8f678e8a .u27b3788967d3707111d324fe8f678e8a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u27b3788967d3707111d324fe8f678e8a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Nineteen Eighty Four - Fiction EssayThe illustration of good will being calculated can be seen in following states. States 2012 ?m 2011 ?m China Czech Republic United kingdom United states 622 73 681 102 582 34 645 78 two ) Damage of assets An entity shall measure at the terminal of each coverage period whether there is any indicant that an plus may be impaired. If any such indicant exists, the entity shall gauge the recoverable sum of the plus. The Group has determined each shop as a separate cash-generating unit for impairment testing. Where there are indexs for damage, the Group performs an impairment trial. Recoverable sums for cash-generating units are based on the higher ofA value in usage and just value less costs to sell. Value in usage is calculated from hard currency flow projections for five old ages utilizing informations from the Group s latestA internal prognosiss. Similar as damage of good will above the cardinal premises made by the direction are price reduction rates, growing rates and expected alterations in borders. The pre-tax price reduction rates used to cipher value in usage scope from 6 % to 17 % ( 2011: 6 % to 14 % ) . On a post-tax footing, the price reduction rates ranged from 5 % to 13 % ( 20 11: 6 % to 12 % ) . ( Tesco one-year study, 2012 ) The entire deprecation and damage charged for 2012 ( 2011 ) can be seen below: Non-Current Assetss 2012 ?m 2011 ?m Property, works and equipment Investing Property 9062 1991 8172 1863 Pensions In footings of price reduction rates used while in pensions it is assumed to be 5.2 % . If this premise increased/ decreased by 0.1 % , the UK defined benefit duty would decrease/increase by about ?170m and the one-year UK current service cost would decrease/increase by about ?14m. It can be seen how premises and opinions can lend towards the company accounts. Proposed alterations in International Financial Reporting Standards There have been many major alterations reported in fiscal coverage in the concern universe nevertheless ; the most of import proposed alteration is the convergence around International Financial Reporting Standards ( IFRS ) . IFRSs are considered a rules based set of criterions in that they set up wide regulations every bit good as ordering specific interventions. Below are some proposed alterations in IFRS and how they will impact the company. IAS 19 ( Amended ) Recently the International Accounting Standards Board ( IASB ) hasA publishedA a alteration to the accounting criterion for pension and employee benefits, IAS19. These alterations apply to companies utilizing International Financial Reporting Standards ( IFRS ) , and are besides relevant for those presently utilizing UK GAAP. ( PWC, 2013 ) Most UK companies will see a higher reported pension disbursal in the net income and loss ( P A ; L ) statement as a consequence of these alterations. Companies will no longer be able to take recognition for likely investing out-performance of equities above corporate bonds. There will be greater balance sheet volatility for the minority of companies that presently apply the option to postpone actuarial additions and losingss, known as the corridor approach.A ( PWC, 2013 ) The Company participates in the Tesco PLC Pension Scheme which is a multi-employer strategy within the Tesco Group. The alterations in IFRS are implemented from the periods get downing on or after 1 January 2013. In pattern it will take the corridor attack and all the actuarial addition and losingss will necessitate immediate acknowledgment in the other comprehensive income. The involvement cost and the expected return on assets elements of the P A ; L pension disbursal computation will be combined in future. The impact will depend on the future place of the pension strategy and future actuarial premises, but the alterations are non expected to hold a material consequence on the Group s reported net incomes or equity. IAS 17 Leases The chief proposed alteration that is under consideration by International Accounting Standard Board ( IASB ) is that rentals would be recorded on the balance sheet and besides discourse the categorization and form of disbursals in the income statement. ( Ernst and Young, 2010 ) In Tesco the rentals are non recorded in the balance sheet and as consequence presenting this alteration will hold a important impact on the balance sheet. For illustration, the operating rental Entire rental collectible Entire lease receivable 2012 ( ?m ) 2011 ( ?m ) 2012 ( ?m ) 2011 ( ?m ) 17,323 16,015 936 1,129 Showing these sums in the balance can hold significant impact on how a stockholder looks at the balance sheet. Decision Tesco plays an of import function in the modern British society by supplying all the twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours necessities to the local people and is regarded as the one of the biggest nutrient retail merchant in U.K. This essay examined Tesco s cardinal accounting policies in relation to non-current assets and discussed how some of them are recognised and measured for book-keeping intents. Besides the non-currents assets which accounts a large portion of Tesco group is non merely a important sum in the balance sheet but in add-on represent the company as whole. It besides discussed the function of direction in finding the estimations and judgements while fixing the fiscal statements. Any alteration in the premise can hold rather a major impact on net incomes. For illustration if company decided to compose off good will and rate being used at the minute is 10 % and the company decided to alter it to 15 % . That alteration can take to impact the net incomes in the P A ; L history and so farther the balance sheet. In the last portion of the essay it has been discussed the proposed alterations in International Financial Reporting Standards and how they will impact Tesco once they are put into pattern. Some regulations like IAS 19 which will non hold that greater affect on Tesco histories because Tesco does nt utilize corridor attack in their accounting and on another manus IAS 17 will demo huge alterations on balance sheets.

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Cryonic essays

Cryonic essays Have you ever thought about living one hundred years or more from now? If current beliefs are proven to be possible it may be a possibility in the future. Alcor, a life extension foundation, claims that Cryonics may make it possible for people who die to be revived in the future. Just think about it, you could get to see how present problems were solved in the future. The only catch is that Cryonics may cause more problems than it can solve in the future. Cryonics is the process of freezing body parts and organs for future use. At this time they are doing whole body and neurosuspensions. As soon as heartbeat and breathing in a member who has paid for this procedure cease, a transport team from Alcor takes over the care of the patient. Circulation and breathing are artificially restored and the patient is cooled and transported to Alcor's facilities. The patient is treated with drugs to minimize freezing injury and is then further cooled to the boiling point of liquid nitrogen (-320F, -196C) (Alcor, 1). Neurosuspensions are the freezing of the human head and brain. The reason for doing this is because it is much cheaper and they feel that all other body parts are replaceable by transplant. Alcor charges $50,000 for neurosuspensions and $120,000 for whole body suspensions (Alcor, 27). The first thing to understand when discussing cryonics is what exactly cryonics is. Cryonics and cryogenics are not the same thing. Cryogenics is the general branch of physics and technology that deals with cold temperatures. Cryonics is specifically using cold temperatures to freeze human beings that have just been declared legally dead for possible repair and revival in the future. (Morgan, p.50) The preservation procedure is not just simply putting someone in a freezer until they can come out. Conventional freezing of tissues and organs is quite destructive. When cells are subjected to slow freezing, large ice crystals form in the ...

Saturday, November 23, 2019

How School Leaders Can Improve Teacher Quality

How School Leaders Can Improve Teacher Quality School leaders want all of their teachers to be great teachers. Great teachers make a school leader’s job easier. Realistically, not every teacher is a great teacher. Greatness takes time to develop. A major component of a school leader’s job is to improve teacher quality. An effective school leader  has the ability to help any teacher take it to the next level. A good school leader will help a bad teacher become effective, an effective teacher become good, and a good teacher become great. They understand that this is a process that takes time, patience, and a lot of work. By improving teacher quality, they will naturally improve student learning outcomes. Improved input equals improved output. This is an essential component of school success. Continuous growth and improvement are necessary. There are many ways that a school leader can improve teacher quality within their building. Here, we examine seven ways that a school leader can help individual teachers grow and improve. Conduct Meaningful Evaluations It takes a lot of time to conduct a thorough teacher evaluation. School leaders are oftentimes overwhelmed with all their duties and evaluations are commonly placed on the backburner. However, evaluations are the single most crucial aspect when improving teacher quality. A school leader should routinely observe and evaluate a teacher’s classroom to identify areas of need and weakness and to create an individual plan for that teacher to improve in those areas. An evaluation should be thorough, especially for those teachers who have been identified as needing significant improvement. They should be created after a substantial number of observations that allow a school leader to see the entire picture of what a teacher is doing in their classroom. These evaluations should drive a school leader’s plan of the resources, suggestions, and professional development that is required to improve individual teacher quality. Offer Constructive Feedback/Suggestions A school leader must offer a list that includes any weaknesses which they find during the evaluation. A school leader should also give detailed suggestions to guide teacher improvement. If the list is exceedingly comprehensive, then pick a few of the things that you believe is the most important. Once those have improved to an area deemed effective, then you can move on to something else. This can be done both formally and informally and is not limited to what is in the evaluation. A school leader may see something that could improve the teacher on a quick visit to the classroom. The school leader may offer constructive feedback intended to address this smaller issue. Provide Meaningful Professional Development Engaging in professional development can improve teacher quality. It is necessary to note that there are a lot of terrible professional development opportunities. A school leader needs to look thoroughly at the professional development they are scheduling and determine if it will produce the intended results. Engaging professional development can foster dynamic changes for a teacher. It can motivate, provide innovative ideas and gives a fresh perspective from an outside source. There are professional development opportunities that cover just about any weakness a teacher has. Continuous growth and improvement is essential for all teachers and even more valuable for those who have gaps that need to be closed. Provide Adequate Resources All teachers need the appropriate tools to do their job effectively. School leaders must be able to give their teachers the resources they need. This can be challenging as we currently live in an era where educational funding is a significant issue. However, in the age of the Internet, there are more tools available to teachers than ever before. Teachers must be taught to use the Internet and other technologies as an educational resource in their classroom. Great teachers will find a way to cope without having all the resources they would like to have. However, school leaders should do everything they can to provide their teachers with the best resources or provide professional development to use the resources they do have effectively. Provide a Mentor Great veteran teachers can provide tremendous insight and encouragement to an inexperienced or struggling teacher. A school leader must develop veteran teachers who want to share best practices with other teachers. They must also build a trusting, encouraging atmosphere in which their entire faculty communicates, collaborates, and shares with each other. School leaders must make mentor connections in which both sides have similar personalities, or the connection may be counterproductive. A solid mentor connection can be a positive, learning venture for both the mentor and the mentee. These interactions are most effective when they are daily and ongoing. Establish Ongoing, Open Communication All school leaders should have an open door policy. They should encourage their teachers to discuss concerns or to seek advice at any time. They should engage their teachers in ongoing, dynamic dialogue. This dialogue should be continuous especially for those teachers who need improvement. School leaders should want to build engaging, trusting relationships with their teachers. This is essential for improving teacher quality. School leaders who do not have this sort of relationship with their teachers will not see improvement and growth. School leaders must be active listeners who offer encouragement, constructive criticism, and suggestions when appropriate. Encourage Journaling and Reflecting School leaders should encourage inexperienced or struggling teachers to journal. Journaling can be a powerful tool. It can help a teacher grow and improve through reflection. It can help them better recognize their individual strengths and weaknesses. It is also valuable as a reminder of things that worked and things that did not work so well in their classroom. Journaling can spark insight and understanding. It can be a dynamic game-changer for teachers who genuinely want to improve.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

International Business Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

International Business Law - Assignment Example The overall importance of WTO is critical regarding establishing a link between trade and environment because it is the single most important document which governs the international trade. The growing debate therefore is focused upon the potential role of WTO in clearly establishing a link between global trade and environment. Prescription of different standards as well as the framework therefore is one of the key tasks which WTO has to perform in order to comprehensively establish the link between the two. This paper will discuss the linkages between trade and environment and how it has remained on of the important challenges for international business law. This paper will also discuss as to what steps by WTO during last decade to properly address this issue within the perspective of international trade. Environment and international trade Trade is considered as beneficial for the society and the economy and its liberalization can actually help any society to achieve greater econom ic resources. It is critical to understand however that with increased trade and production processes, the overall pace of economic degeneration can expedite and the results can be both negative as well as positive. Environment can be protected if cleaner technologies are implemented which involve less energy consumption besides relying more on labor intensive techniques. The environment can also be damaged because growth in production process requires more energy and raw materials and hence more environmental de-gradation can take place. There is therefore a nexus between environment and international trade and how expansion of international trade can actually result into both the protection as well as degradation of environment. (Charnovitz, 2007.) Serious efforts to actually integrate concerns for environment and international trade started during 1970s and as a result of this growing debate, an international conference in Stockholm took place to debate on the future course of de fining how international trade agreements can actually affect the businesses with significant potential to damage environment. Prior to this conference, GATT undertook a study on its own behalf to determine and explore the impact of environmental protection policies on international trade. In same year, Environmental Measures and International Trade Group was established however, it remained inactive for more than two decades and it was only in during 1992 that this group was convened by members. (Charnovitz, 2007.) Subsequent legislative efforts include Tokyo round and Uruguay round went on to establish different standards and kick started the process of integrating international trade with that of the environment protection. There was also growing concerns among developing countries regarding the export of those products which were considered as environmentally damaging with serious safety and health related issues. The overall debate was therefore based upon the argument that fre e trade has an impact on the environment and that higher levels of free trade can further result into damage to the environment. (Charnovitz, 2007.) The recent efforts however by WTO clearly outline the way the nexus between free trade and environment. Though WTO

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

Apple, Samsung ,Nokia and blackberry smart phones comparison between Essay

Apple, Samsung ,Nokia and blackberry smart phones comparison between these 4 companies - Essay Example This has further led to the fast embracing of modern technology handheld gadgets like the Smart phones and tablets and I pads, which provide people all over the world with the virtual internet based platform to connect with their friends and relatives located in various parts and corners of the world. The changing lifestyle trends of the masses all over the world along with the desire to stay connected and aware of the happenings and events in the lives of their near and dear ones by the process of getting updates in their social networking profiles has also played a major role in the tremendous acceptance of Smart phones all over the world. As a matter of fact, in an order to capitalize on the growing demands of data based technology services like the internet in the recent times, various telecom service providing companies has focused on the process of bundled offering of products and services, thereby offering the customers with high value internet services for their mobiles and gadgets at very competitive rates. It can be said that the global smart phone market is currently dominated by two of the largest and most popular mobile manufacturers namely Apple Inc. and Samsung Electronics, while talking in terms of revenue generation, sales and share of the markets in the global arena. Talking from the statistical point of view, it can be said that the shipping statistics of the second quarter of the year 2012 highlighted that Apple iOS and Samsung Android based smart phones comprised almost 85% of the total shipments (IDC.com -1, 2012)1. Talking about the market sentiments that was existing around the middle of 2012, during the period of launch of I-phone 5 in the United States, a research which was undertaken by AYTM along with Mashable stated that current owners of Android phones in the United States are looking forward to move to I-phones within the next 6 months (Price, 2012)3 . The survey also revealed that

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Organization and Behavior Essay Example for Free

Organization and Behavior Essay 1. Understand the Relationship between Organizational Culture and Structure 1.1. Compare and contrast three different organizational structures and cultures. The long term success and failure of every company depends on its structure – no matter how vague it may sound, structure of a company decides where the company will be in the near future. The three types of structures are: Functional structure – under this kind of structure, the company is divided into different groups, who are then assigned different tasks – like the accounts, the sales and admin, and the marketing departments. Divisional structure – this kind of structure is followed by companies with huge geographical area coverage. Each part of the area has a smaller division within the same umbrella group. Matrix structure – this is a combination of both the divisional and functional structures, and operates upon theories imported from these two structures. But, this structure is associated with ego clashes among the top positions, and power clashes. The different kinds of organizational cultures are as follows: Power culture: organizations following this kind of culture may be able to respond to crisis very quickly, but the problem is that the system is very centralized. This kind of culture relies heavily upon people rather than committees (Harris, 1994). Role culture – position is main criteria in the role culture. The organization is controlled by senior management at the top of the pyramid, and the system is also highly formalized. Task culture – this type of culture is practiced more often by organizations with a matrix structure. Main emphasis in this structure is given to completion of tasks. It strongly believes in the unified power of a team (Harris, 1994). 1.2. The relationship between an organization’s structure and culture There is a very strong relation between organizational structure and its culture, as only the perfect match of the two factors will lead to a good working environment in office. At TESCOS, as a store manger, it is  definitely a priority to look at the kind of attitude and behavior the employees are having, and how clean and suitable the culture is. If the structure of a company id hierarchical, with all the decisions being made at the top, the employees will have no or less freedom, and there will lack of autonomy at the lower level of the pyramid. On the other hand, if the power is divided between all the sections, the company culture will be lot more friendly, with the employees at all levels enjoying equal freedom (Parker, 2000). 1.3. Overview of four factors that can influence individual behavior at the Irish TESCOS Environment – more emphasis put on building a friendly and mutual environment in the workspace will ensure that team work and productivity of the company increases. Technology – the better the prevailing technology at the core of the company, the lesser the employees will have to work, and hence, better streamlined workflow and productivity can be ensured. Locus of control – employees who have an external locus of control will constantly criticize people, find faults, and also depend on others for their success. On the other hand, people with internal locus of control think that their own destiny is in their own hands. Customer Demand – though and external factor, but it is to be noted, that the more the demand, the more the sales, and greater the growth of the company (Parker, 2000). Task-2 2. Understand the Relationship between Organizational Culture and Structure 2.1. Compare three different leadership styles for three different business  organizations Leaders are different, and so are their leadership styles. Leaders are meant to motivate their team, and hence, leadership styles sculpt the outlook of the staffs. Here are the various leadership styles: Laissez Faire – in this kid of leadership style, the leaders allow a certain level of freedom is given to the staff, and trained directors are appointed to coordinate efficiently between the high level managers and the working staff (Antonakis et al, 2004). Autocratic style – under this style of leadership, the leaders keep an eye on the employees at all time, and face time is increased. There are a lot of arguments over this style of leadership, as there exists no or little freedom for the employees, and they sometimes find it extremely uncomfortable to work under these situations. But when practiced in a controlled manner, this style can be effective, especially under tight deadlines (Antonakis et al, 2004). Participative – This is a good balanced style, and a mix of both the autocratic and Laissez Faire styles. This gives a little bit of freedom to the employees, while the managers are still around supervising at all times. 2.2. How organizational theory underpins the practice of management for the Irish TESCOS In the Irish TESCOS scenario, organizational theory has a vital role to play. The authenticity and practicality of organizational theory has been questioned by many modern scholars, but the fact remains that these theories underpin and supports the stability of an organization. These theories, apart from helping the managers to find out the prevailing problems in the company, also help them to find the right method to deal with the problem, and ultimately solve it. There are a lot of these theories – they have been created in different  periods, with different economic and socio economic conditions – and the real art for managers’ lies in finding the best method out of these, and applying them in the present context. Some of these theories may seem to be obsolete these days in the age of ever changing technology, but it is to be understood that they form the base and foundation of companies across the world. 2.3. Evaluate four different approaches to management used by different organizations. The four different managerial approaches are as follows: Participative- Under this approach, the managers discusses and collaborates with his team managers about the decision making process. [pic] Bureaucratic- Bureaucratic is opposite to participative process, where the manager forces the team members to follow strict rules, and to obey a chain of commands (Tittemore, 2003). Autocratic – An autocratic manager is almost a ‘dictator’ who supervises his people at all steps and ensures job is done at the right time. Hands off approach- This is the friendliest approach of all, where the manager gives complete freedom to his men in all respects (Sapru, 2008). Task-3 3. Understand ways of using motivational theories in organizations 3.1. How different leadership styles impact employee motivation in periods of change Periods of change are often the periods when crisis happens. Hence, good leadership techniques are to be adopted by the leaders to protect the company from sudden jerks. Here are the most commonly practiced leadership  styles: Autocratic – managers following this style will never allow the team members to contribute towards the decision making process, and will try to establish huge confidence towards their own decisions. Democratic – totally opposite to autocratic style of leadership, when special attention is paid to what the team members think. The point of views of the employees is hence at least heard before making the final decision. Quiet – in this process of decision making highly trained employees are recruited by the manger, and then leaves day to day decision making to them, as he remains ‘quiet’. Transformational – as the name suggests, the manager practicing this method tries to encourage and motivate his team about the bright future of the company, and hence tries to extract more productive work from them (Robbins and Judge, 2008). 3.2. Identify the application of three different motivational theories within the workplace. Listed below are three different motivational theories: Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs – Maslow states that human needs can be graphically represented as a pyramid, and they move from the bottom to the top; as the needs at the bottom are satisfied, man focuses on the next need at the top. These needs range from love needs, social needs, to self actualization (Maccoby, 1998). Carrot Stick – this theory was coined by Bentham, and explains that human is motivated by either of the two forces – fear or incentives. Either he will work to fulfill his money, security and other material needs, or he will work due to pressure and fear. The motivation – hygiene theory – this theory was introduced by Herzberg in 1959, and stresses on the fact that employee satisfaction and dissatisfaction is caused by some ‘hygiene factors’ (Maccoby, 1998). 3.3. The usefulness of a motivation theory for managers at the TESCOS in Ireland. Companies like the TESCOS do rely on their employees for not only production, but also for proper distribution and even product quality control. But to get exceptional performances from them it is required for the managers to provide proper motivational incentives. Motivational theories can help the TESCOS managers to properly motivate their employees and provide them proper job roles for increased productivity. Organizational Management – organizations use motivational theories to promote favorable working conditions at the organizational and departmental levels. Rewards – The reward system takes a lot from the expectancy theory, and helps motivating the employees to work even harder, as they see their work being appreciated. Perception of the employees in the equity theory, it ca be learnt that employees perceive the rewards given to them in exchange of the work that they need to do. When the perception and actual incentive matches, the employee gets motivated to perform better in the future (Robbins and Judge, 2008). Productivity – a lot of company incorporate goal setting as a fine tool to increase the productivity level of the employees. Task-4 4. Understand mechanisms for developing effective teamwork in organizations 4.1. Explain the nature of groups and group behavior within organizations. A group may be defined as a collection of individuals who have similar aims and are set to achieve the same goal. Groups are mainly of two types: Formal Groups – these groups are designed by companies, and each group is assigned different and specific tasks. Informal groups – these are groups formed by individuals themselves. Hence, they are not properly arranged, and not at all structured (Butler 1986). Groups are formed over a series of steps. They are: Forming – the initial stage of group formation. In this stage, the resources and other details required to form the group are procured. Storming – much like ‘brain storming’, in this stage, the individuals in each group challenge and try to find answers. Conflicts are common in this stage. Norming – in this stage, all conflicts are resolved, as the answers to the questions asked by the members are found. Performing – in this stage, coordination, and team work starts taking place between the different team members, and they start becoming a single unit. 4.2. Factors that may promote the development of effective teamwork in organizations The factors that can improve teamwork are: Good leadership – A good leader ca motivate his men in performing better and reaching greater heights. Hence, leadership is a factor that should never be underestimated. Leaders are adept in different theories and motivational methods, and the best leaders are those who can take spontaneous decisions (Parker, 2000).. Diversity – good teamwork develops as and when the members embrace diversity in terms of age, sex, religion and culture. Communication – if communication is strong among all the team members, everyone will be on the same page, and will also be equally informed. Great communication is the key to effective team building. Team Building Exercises – proper training is to provided for effective team building; and the training is to provided with the help of professionals who can indulge the team in proper drills and exercises. 4.3. Impact of technology on team functioning within TESCOS in Ireland. In the modern era, no organization can work without upgrading to the latest technological trends. Technology not only makes sure that the employees have to work less, but also ensures that the results are always accurate, and there is no repetition of jobs. While emails can help the employees to communicate with themselves and the third parties, devises like the Blackberry and Smart phones enable them to properly communicate. Teleconferencing allows the team to communicate over distances effectively without being physically present there. And of course, computers are, the more advanced, the better. Not only TISCOS, but every company these days understand of the important role that technology plays, and hence have started to upgrade to the latest technological updates. References Antonakis, J., Cianciolo, A. T. and Sternberg, R. J., 2004. The Nature of Leadership. New York: Sage Publications, Inc. Butler Jr., J.K., 1986. A global view of informal organization. Academy of Management Journal, 51, 3, 39-43. Harris, S. G., 1994. Organizational Culture and Individual Sensemaking: A Schema-Based Perspective. Organization Science, Vol. 5,(3): pp. 309–321. Maccoby, M., 1998. Why Work: Motivating and Leading the New Generation. New York: Simon Schuster. Parker, M., 2000. Organizational Culture and Identity. London: Sage. Robbins, S. and Judge, T., 2008. Essentials of Organizational Behavior. 9thEd, New Jersey: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Sapru, R.K., 2008. Administrative Theories and Management Thought. New Delhi: Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited, p 276 Tittemore, J. A., 2003. Leadership at all Levels. Canada: Boskwa Publishing.

Thursday, November 14, 2019

MBA Admissions Essay - My Most Significant Leadership Role :: MBA College Admissions Essays

MBA Admissions Essays - My Most Significant Leadership Role During the last three years I have devoted a significant amount of time and energy to the betterment of young entrepreneurs, who in this country are mistreated, stripped of opportunities, and looked down upon. In my quest to start my own business, I faced many obstacles that I later found to plague all entrepreneurs in my country. Established family heads discourage their younger members from starting separate businesses; they would rather their younger members join them in the so called "safe business." Moreover, companies and government organizations will not award contracts to young people since older people earn respect for their age rather than their ideas in this traditional sub-continental culture. With an uncooperative family and no sources of funding, young entrepreneurs face little chance of success. In these difficult conditions, I realized there were many young people who were full of potential but lacked support. By meeting with these people, I motivated them to believe that together we could help improve collective situation. In October 1996,the seventeen of us founded the "Young Entrepreneurs Society" (YES). I served as the coordinator for the first two years. We figured that in order to get our message heard, we needed to prove ourselves a significant lot. We started with social activities like helping poor students with registration fees for matriculation exams and organizing blood donation activities, etc. We held our first seminar on the "Prospect of Software Development Business in Bangladesh and the Government's Role, " and five months later we had our second seminar on the "Obstacles for Young Entrepreneurs in Bangladesh' with the finance minister as the chief guest. MBA Admissions Essay - My Most Significant Leadership Role :: MBA College Admissions Essays MBA Admissions Essays - My Most Significant Leadership Role During the last three years I have devoted a significant amount of time and energy to the betterment of young entrepreneurs, who in this country are mistreated, stripped of opportunities, and looked down upon. In my quest to start my own business, I faced many obstacles that I later found to plague all entrepreneurs in my country. Established family heads discourage their younger members from starting separate businesses; they would rather their younger members join them in the so called "safe business." Moreover, companies and government organizations will not award contracts to young people since older people earn respect for their age rather than their ideas in this traditional sub-continental culture. With an uncooperative family and no sources of funding, young entrepreneurs face little chance of success. In these difficult conditions, I realized there were many young people who were full of potential but lacked support. By meeting with these people, I motivated them to believe that together we could help improve collective situation. In October 1996,the seventeen of us founded the "Young Entrepreneurs Society" (YES). I served as the coordinator for the first two years. We figured that in order to get our message heard, we needed to prove ourselves a significant lot. We started with social activities like helping poor students with registration fees for matriculation exams and organizing blood donation activities, etc. We held our first seminar on the "Prospect of Software Development Business in Bangladesh and the Government's Role, " and five months later we had our second seminar on the "Obstacles for Young Entrepreneurs in Bangladesh' with the finance minister as the chief guest.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Bad Boys

Nick Stephens 4/3/13 Albritton Sociology 3255 Bad Boys Ann Arnett Ferguson’s book â€Å"Bad Boys† discusses the way educators and other people in the school systems, and society as a whole view black youth in today’s world. There are many stereotypes that are discussed and stigmas that stick with black children through their entire lives in Ferguson’s book. In order to prevent further damage to this part of our society the reader should take a long hard look at the problems brought forth by â€Å"Bad Boys†.One problem that Ferguson discusses in her book is adultification. According to her definition adultification is the idea that teachers and other adults see black children as willfully bad. Since they are seen in this light it creates an idea that black boys have adult motivations thus, making black boys seem like criminals instead of kids. Also, along the same lines, black girls are perceived as dangerously sexual. While this issue seems sort of ridiculous, these things actually happen in our public school system.While white children are seen as naturally naughty, essentially authority figures adopt the â€Å"boys will be boys† mentality when white boys get in trouble or act out, instead of issuing punishment equally to white children who act out. Ferguson states, â€Å"One the one hand children are assumed to be dissembling, devious, because they are more egocentric. On the other hand, there is an attribution of innocence to their wrongdoing. In both cases, this is understood to be a temporary condition, a stage prior to maturity. †(80)Another problem that Ferguson observes in her book is the two controlling images of black males in schools. She says, â€Å"Two cultural images stigmatize black males in the United States today: one represents him as a criminal, and the other depicts him as an endangered species. I found that both of these images were commonly invoked at Rosa Parks School for identifying, clas sifying, and making punishment decisions by the adults responsible for disciplining the kids. †(20) The way that black boys are seen creates a social hierarchy based solely on class.Ferguson is able, through her first-hand experience, to record instances that show these problems in action and give the reader insight to the problems that are being addressed. The image of black children being criminals is inherent to their development. If they are treated from a young age as criminals, they will eventually come to accept that as part of their social identity, leading them to actually commit crimes in the future. If they were treated equally then black children, especially males, may not be on a definite path into the heart of the criminal justice system by the time they are adults.Ferguson addresses another problem that has a severe effect on the psyche of young black boys in public schools. Teachers and administrators alike are guilty of assuming that these children are headed for a future of crime. They are labeled as unsalvageable and bound for jail. She uses the example, â€Å"There is a jail cell with your name on it† coming from the teacher to one of their students. This is damaging to the child’s development because it seemingly predetermines their fate. The punishing room that Ferguson discusses is primarily made up of black boys.The punishing room makes these boys truly believe that they are bad, and that since even their teachers and other superiors cannot see through this it tends to give the children a sense of identity as someone who is bad, and does not really count. With the punishing room the idea is solidified in the minds of these children, which is a problem. Ideally these troubled children should be worked with individually in order to get to the root of the reason that they are acting out in school. Ferguson says about the punishing room, â€Å"The child who gets in trouble is the norm. Identities and reputations are mad e and remade here.It is the space in the school in which everyone is like yourself-in trouble-and you are no longer different. † This quote gives the reader a visible reference of why some of these children, deemed unsalvageable by their teachers, may get into trouble on purpose so they have to go to this place where at least they are not alone. This leads into the idea of the importance of group identity. Ferguson explains the importance of group identity in her book by basically saying that kids need to feel like they fit it, and they will use whatever tools necessary in order to do so.This is all brought together by the idea of cultural capital. Ferguson explains that in the school system there is a hierarchy of the children, â€Å"The disciplinary techniques of the school actively produce social identities of â€Å"good†, â€Å"bad†, â€Å"gifted†, â€Å"having potential†, â€Å"troubled†, and â€Å"troublesome,† rather than ferre t them out and reveal them as they naturally exist. The importance of group identity is essential in the development of all children. It helps them to develop a sense of self, who they are, and who they want to be.The problem lies in the fact that children are becoming fine with the idea that they are â€Å"bad† and come to accept that as reality, which allows them to form that identity, in turn making them into bad kids, because the only way that they are able to fit in to the social atmosphere is by acting out and getting in trouble. The boys in Ferguson’s study use the importance of group identity, coping mechanisms in public, and classroom performance in tandem to secure their own personal identities. Most of the kids are not really that â€Å"bad† they often have extenuating circumstances outside of school that make school not seem important to them.They often feel secluded, which draws from the problem with adultification by their teachers and other superi ors. So by acting out in the classroom they get attention, even though it is negative attention, it is still attention. Through the eyes of the teachers it seems like they are just putting forth a poor classroom performance. They do not see the struggles that the children go through outside of school, which tends to directly have an impact on the way the handle themselves in social situations, craving the need to belong to some sort of group. So they turn to what is presented to them, being bad.In conclusion, there are many flaws with the education system in the United States. The processes in which black children are dealt with need to be reformed. The idea of adultification as defined by Ferguson is a serious issue that plagues schools, where even teachers who are conscious of this fall into the category of looking at black children as small adults, holding them to different standards than their white counterparts. They are still subject to the controlling images of black males as being criminals, and assuming that they are on the path to prison anyway, so what is the use. This is unacceptable.Different strategies in dealing with this problem should be implemented than the ones that the public school system has to offer at the present time. Through Ferguson’s first-hand accounts of what she observed during her time in Rosa Parks School the reader is painted a picture of the very real problems at hand. Most people outside of these schools do not even realize what is going on and that is a problem as well. By studying Ferguson’s work one can hope that in the near future there will be some sort of reconstruction of the schools in order to help prevent further damage and stigmatization to black children.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

The First Australian- Aboriginal Australia

Indigenous spirituality can be defined as the incorporation of a community’s spiritual trail, alongside which it progresses to attain a given purpose, like a higher state of responsiveness, outreach understanding or empathy with the Creator. For example the Aboriginal spirituality is a feeling of unity, of belonging and mostly connected to land.To them land is their culture, food, spirit and identity. Spirituality is demonstrated by use of rituals, ceremonies and or paintings. It is dynamic and has assimilated rudiments of other beliefs (Beaman 2002).Source: http://wwwcreativespirits.info/aboriginalculture/spirituality/ On the above picture the Aboriginal people are seen on a ritual to fill ochre in an old tree pit carving. This carving is a representation of a departed person’s court of arm. Its feeling symbolizes healing. Dreaming according to the Aborigines is used to illustrate the associations and stability between natural, moral and spiritual basics of the world. It goes beyond the literal meaning on that it depicts the period of time between the beginning of the universe and living reminiscence or originator ancestors.Dreamtime is a term used to describe the period during which the earth, the heavens above together with all their contents were created by the actions of paranormal and inexplicable beings. It is the surroundings in which the Aboriginals stayed in and still exists â€Å"all around us† as they say. This was an important aspect as the Aborigines were educated on the origins of the ethnic group through the dreamtime establishment myths which were the foundation of Aboriginal society dependable for proving conviction of existence.They played a big part towards their survival as evident in so many years. However, it is worth noting that ‘dreaming’ is mostly used in reference to believe or spirituality of a group or individual. Dreaming according to the Aboriginals offers a pleasant structure for individual under standing in the universe (Elkin 1993). One of the most horrifying aspects in the history of Australia is the forced snatching of Aboriginal children from their families. Young children were stolen from their parents and taken to children homes, foreign families and missions.The children brought up in the missions or through foster guardians were denied their Aboriginal traditions. They were tortured if caught speaking their native language and the young ones were not taught anything to do with Aboriginality. Boys were trained to become stockmen and girls to be household servants. In the missions the children were often subjected to physical and sexual abuse. It was only after reaching the age of majority that they were freed to the white society, habitually victimized by their occurrences.As a result of stealing the children of the Aboriginals the white people stole their future. Traditions, Language, dances, knowledge and spirituality were halted and the whites hoped that the Abori ginal culture would be demolished in a very short time. The effects on the stolen generation were loneliness, identity loss, mistrust to all, internal guilt, obscurity to find own religious believes, depression and Trans-generational traumas among others (Elkin 1993).In Australia the Aboriginal art dates back to more than a millennium, rock art and bark painting being the most common. These are usually painted with worldly colors especially from ochre. The Aboriginals poses painted narrations from Dreamtime. Today their artists carry on with their traditions using modern arts and materials. It is the most distinguished in the world and it makes me feel attracted to it. Source: http://www. creativespirits. info/aboriginalculture/spirituality/The above picture shows an example of an Aboriginal spiritual picture of the crucifixion. This was used in Sydney on The Catholic World Youth Day in the year 2008. This clearly shoes how the ancient Aboriginal art is being used relevantly in mode rn days. References Beaman, J, 2002, Aboriginal Spirituality and the Legal Construction of Freedom of Religion, Available At: < http://jcs. oxfordjournals. org/cgi/reprint/44/1/135. pdf Elkin, A. P, 1993, Aboriginal Men of High Degree. Inner Traditions, Carson.

Friday, November 8, 2019

What Beleiving Evolution Means

What Beleiving Evolution Means Free Online Research Papers Knowledge of evolution can affect the way you view different areas of life, but it wasn’t always as widely accepted (even though it is still not entirely accepted). For the past sixty years, biological beliefs, such as evolution, have been hot topics from both a political and religious perspective. It has raised controversy in the religious world and has not made things easy in the political world. However radical these ideas used to seem, they are getting much more support in both the political and religious worlds. According to Biologists, there is no such thing a race. They believe that race from human to human (even organism to organism) does not exist. At first this is an interesting thought. People are generally raised to believe that there are different races in the world, while their origins are differing. This statement is slightly true, excluding the different races. Biologists refer to DNA to prove their point on this subject. The only differences between one â€Å"race† to another â€Å"race† are a few different genotypes and phenotypes. A genotype is a combination of genes, and a combination of genotypes will result in a Trait (a phenotype is any Trait). Between the differences in phenotypes (which could range anywhere from skin color to health issues) and the cultures in which one grows up in creates the different variety of humans in this world. However, different cultures have definitely had problems with the relatively new idea of evolution. Evolution, in comparison to religion, is a very new subject. There were a few scientists that were before their times and helped build the foundation of beliefs for evolution. However, evolution has only started to raise questions about the validity of the ideas and the controversial ideas behind it for about sixty years. When it came to the religion vs. science question for me, even when I was young, I always leaned toward science. Even though I was raised Jewish, had a Bar-Mitzvah and was part of a youth group for most of high school. All the proof I needed to start believing in science and more particularly evolution began with fossils. I thought they poked a huge hole in the religion idea being millions of years old, when the religious world is only 7,000 years or so old. Then the similarities between species, such as apes and humans, were too perfect to even consider another way. This drove me to believe that evolution was no accident. The truths behind evolution seem to be overwhelming, for me, and it would seem illogical to not include evolution as the main reason for why people are who they are. The knowledge of evolution has definitely influenced my perspective on the world both politically and religiously. Research Papers on What Beleiving Evolution MeansGenetic EngineeringCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyWhere Wild and West MeetHip-Hop is ArtThree Concepts of Psychodynamic19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeHonest Iagos Truth through Deception

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

Average SAT ACT Scores by State (Participation Adjusted)

Average SAT ACT Scores by State (Participation Adjusted) SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Participation rate has a huge impact on state average SAT / ACT scores. In any state, the top students on the SAT/ACT are those most eager to take it, so states with low participation rates have artificiallyhigher SAT / ACT scores. Here, we use advanced statistical methods to adjustfor participation rate to get at the real ranking of states by their real SAT and ACT scores. Both the SAT and the ACT test makers have released data on raw average SAT and ACT scores by state. However, you cannot rely on raw average scores because these averages are biased by participation rates. The lowest participating states tend to send primarily their best students and have the highest scores. This results in bias. We have used advanced, robust statistical methods to adjustfor participation rate to get at the real, underlying, normed average SAT and ACT scores by state. This adjustment in the technical literature is also known as "controlling" or "norming". Hereare the adjusted scores: States Ranked by AverageSAT Scores,Adjusted Rank State Average SAT Score,Adjusted Average New SAT Score,Adjusted Raw Average SAT Score Participation Rate 1 Massachusetts 1694 30 1556 84% 2 Connecticut 1690 26 1525 88% 3 Minnesota 1660 07 1786 6% 4 New Jersey 1655 04 1526 79% 5 Illinois 1652 01 1802 5% 6 New Hampshire 1651 01 1566 70% 7 North Dakota 1649 1099 1816 2% 8 Virginia 1648 1099 1530 73% 9 South Dakota 1648 1099 1792 3% 10 Iowa 1648 1098 1794 3% Wisconsin 1644 1096 1782 4% 12 Vermont 1640 1093 1554 63% 13 Colorado 1635 1090 1735 14% 14 Missouri 1633 1089 1771 4% 15 Michigan 1628 1086 1784 4% 16 Kansas 1621 1081 1753 5% 17 Georgia 1620 1080 1445 77% 18 Indiana 1612 1075 1474 71% 19 Florida 1609 1073 1448 72% 20 Nebraska 1604 1070 1745 4% 21 Wyoming 1600 1067 1762 3% 22 Kentucky 1596 1064 1746 5% 23 New York 1593 1062 1468 76% 24 North Carolina 1592 1062 1483 64% 25 Oregon 1587 1058 1544 48% 26 Maryland 1586 1057 1468 78% 27 Washington 1585 1057 1519 63% 28 Idaho 1585 1056 1364 100% 29 South Carolina 1584 1056 1443 65% 30 Hawaii 1584 1056 1460 63% 31 Tennessee 1581 1054 1714 8% 32 California 1579 1053 1504 60% 33 Ohio 1577 1051 1652 15% 34 Arizona 1568 1045 1547 36% 35 Pennsylvania 1567 1044 1481 71% 36 Oklahoma 1565 1043 1697 5% 37 Rhode Island 1563 1042 1480 73% 38 Montana 1558 1039 1637 18% 39 Alaska 1555 1037 1485 54% 40 Mississippi 1552 1035 1714 3% 41 Arkansas 1551 1034 1698 4% 42 Utah 1540 1027 1690 5% 43 Texas 1539 1026 1432 62% 44 Nevada 1526 1017 1458 54% 45 New Mexico 1524 1016 1617 12% 46 Delaware 1522 1015 1359 100% 47 District of Columbia 1518 1012 1309 100% 48 Louisiana 1517 10 1667 5% 49 Maine 15 1008 1387 96% 50 Alabama 1496 998 1617 7% 51 West Virginia 1444 963 1522 15% Each state is listed with its SAT score adjusted for(controlled for) participation rate. Other columns include the rank of the normed SAT score, the new SAT conversion, the raw SAT score, and the participation rate. The top two states for normed SAT scores are Massachusetts and Connecticut. This isn't a surprise. Both states have relatively large education budgets. Massachusetts (home state of PrepScholar) and Connecticut have some of the best colleges in the USA, and both have a strong emphasis on high school education and test prep. The bottom two states are Alabama and West Virginia. The spread between the top and bottom is more than a whopping 250 points around the same improvement our PrepScholar Online Prep program guarantees. States Ranked by Average ACT Scores,Adjusted Rank State Average ACT Score,Adjusted Raw Average ACT Score Participation Rate 1 Minnesota 23.04 22.9 76% 2 Connecticut 22.93 24.2 29% 3 Massachusetts 22.72 24.3 23% 4 New Hampshire 22.63 24.2 20% 5 Ohio 22.47 22 72% 6 Montana 22.42 20.5 100% 7 Vermont 22.32 23.2 29% 8 Colorado 22.31 20.6 100% 9 New York 22.27 23.4 27% 10 Nebraska 22.20 21.7 86% Wisconsin 22.04 22.2 73% 12 Kansas 22.02 22 75% 13 Utah 21.97 20.8 100% 14 South Dakota 21.93 21.9 78% 15 Illinois 21.87 20.7 100% 16 Missouri 21.80 21.8 76% 17 North Carolina 21.79 18.9 100% 18 Virginia 21.79 22.8 28% 19 New Jersey 21.78 23.1 25% 20 Indiana 21.73 21.9 40% 21 Idaho 21.71 22.4 45% 22 Florida 21.66 19.6 81% 23 Washington 21.60 23 22% 24 North Dakota 21.57 20.6 100% 25 Iowa 21.49 22 68% 26 California 21.41 22.3 29% 27 South Carolina 21.37 20.4 58% 28 Georgia 21.34 20.8 53% 29 Arkansas 21.21 20.4 93% 30 Michigan 21.21 20.1 100% 31 Tennessee 21.16 19.8 100% 32 Wyoming 21.14 20.1 100% 33 Maryland 21.07 22.6 22% 34 Kentucky 21.07 19.9 100% 35 Pennsylvania 21.04 22.7 19% 36 Alabama 21.01 20.6 80% 37 Rhode Island 20.99 22.9 16% 38 Oregon 20.88 21.4 36% 39 Texas 20.78 20.9 40% 40 Nevada 20.76 21.2 36% 41 Hawaii 20.73 18.2 90% 42 Oklahoma 20.72 20.7 75% 43 Delaware 20.69 23.2 18% 44 West Virginia 20.69 20.6 65% 45 Alaska 20.63 21 37% 46 Maine 20.56 23.6 9% 47 District of Columbia 20.41 21.6 37% 48 Louisiana 20.37 19.2 100% 49 Arizona 20.12 19.7 55% 50 Mississippi 20.04 19 100% 51 New Mexico 20.04 19.9 69% Each state is listed with its ACT score adjusted for(controlled for) participation rate. Other columns include the rank of the normedACT score, the raw average ACT score, and the participation rate. The top states are Minnesota, another stated renowned for its education, and Connecticut (also on the top SAT scores list). The bottom states on this normed ACT list are Mississippi and New Mexico. We’ve presented our results first because we know that’s what most people are looking for. However, it's important to understand why average SAT / ACT scores are important, why adjustingis critical, and how we did the norming. Below, we get into those details. Why Are Average SAT / ACT Scores by State Important? For some, knowing state average test scores is fun trivia: my state is the best and smartest. But for many students and parents, knowing state average SAT / ACT scores can be critical. For students applying for scholarships, many scholarships are more competitive in "smarter" states. For students who want to compare themselves totheir in-state peers, the scores above are also very useful. For families thinking of moving states, they may want to make sure their target state has a good education system. For researchers and education designers, this data helps them see which state systems are working and which ones may be failing. Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free, SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today! Why Is Adjusting (aka Controlling, or Norming)Needed? You absolutely cannot rely on raw average SAT / ACT scores to gauge state performance!This is because raw SAT / ACT scores are terribly confounded with participation rates. The reason is simple. Let's look atthe SAT. The best SAT students in any state tend to be the most aggressive about wanting to take the test (after all, it shows them in a good light). Therefore, if a state’s SAT participation is low, the state will only have the best students taking it, making the score artificially high. Likewise, if a state requires the SAT, it will have 100% participation but also include the worst SAT takers, making the score artificially low. In fact, the highest raw SAT state is North Dakota, which also has the flimsiest participation at 2%. Because the participation rate is so low, that means few, if any, schools in North Dakota require the SAT, so the only people who take it are those who really want to and went out of their way to take the test. These people likely studied for the SAT, are naturally good at the SAT, and can expect to do better than average. The lowest raw SAT state is Washington DC, which also has the highest participation at 100%. Likewise, this indicates that the district required everyone to take the SAT, so even students who didn't want to take it at all had to take it and this last group probably didn't study much and aren't naturally good at the SAT. We can see this negative relationship between participation rates and SAT / ACT scores in the two graphs below. On each X-axis, you see the participation rate expressed as a decimal (for example, .50 means half the people participated.) On the Y-axis, you see average SAT or ACT score. The pattern is stunningly clear: States with higher participation rates in either test almost always have much lower scores. Raw SAT Average Score per State vs. Participation Rate Raw ACT Average Score per State vs. Participation Rate This pattern would cause terrible bias if you were to judge a state by its raw SAT or ACT averages. You would be giving a highly unfair advantage to states with low participation rates which can showcase their best students. In fact, participation rates explain the vast majority (more than 80%) of natural variation in SAT scores and ACT scores. This means that correcting for participation rates is absolutely necessary. How Is the AdjustingDone? Basically, the adjusting is done when we take one state’s raw test scores and compare them toother states with similar participation rates. For example, take Massachusetts, with itsraw SAT average score of 1556. If you look at this score by itself, it’s not impressive pretty middle of the pack. But Massachusetts has an SAT participation rate of 84% one of the highest in the nation. Therefore, during adjustment, we compare this against a state with a similar participation rate: for example Maryland, with a rate of 78%. We see Maryland has an SAT score of 1468 and thus Massachusetts is actually very impressive when compared to peer states with similar participation rates. As a researcher with both a Master’s in statistics and a Doctorate in economics, including economic statistical methods, I ensured that the method used above is robust. That is, I made sure I used as much information as possible during norming to infer the SAT / ACT scores that each state would have gotten if they had the same participation rates. The methods I used should be rather immune to slight errors in the assumptions, and few assumptions were made to begin with. I also documented all my methods here so any other statistician can replicate my results to verify they are true [1]. How Are State Averages Useful for Students? One of the ways state average scores are most useful for students is as a peer group to compare to. If you want to know what a good, bad, or excellent SAT is or ACT score is, then these state averages provide a reference. However, you should understand that you can be more than average. You can improve your score and beat your state average, sometimes by a substantial amount, if you prep for the SAT and ACT. In fact, some of the top states in the list above, Massachusetts and Connecticut, are well-known for some of their top prep shops. Get started today! What's Next? Want to know how well you did on the SAT / ACT or what score you should be aiming for? Learn what's a good SAT score and what's a good ACT score! Interested in more information to help you understand this data? Check out average SAT scores by state and average ACT scores by state.These articles can help you understand how well your state is doing and how your test scores compare to other students within your state. Want to improve your test scores?Check out ourguides to learn 15 tips forraising your SAT score and your ACT score. [1] The full method I used was linear regression on states as observations (N=51). The regression was of both SAT scores onto participation rates on both the SAT and ACT, their interactions, and their second powers, as well as a constant. An analogous regression was made for SAT scores. The SAT score residual from this regression was added to the statewide average SAT score to get predicted SAT scores of all states if they had the same participation rate namely that of the average state. It turns out that simple one element regression of SAT scores on SAT participation rates captures the vast majority of variation of the full regression, so similar results should hold in this more robust base case. Participation rates explained up to about 80% of the variation in both SAT and ACT scores, and, therefore, this correction is substantial. Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Dr. Fred Zhang About the Author Fred is co-founder of PrepScholar. He scored a perfect score on the SAT and is passionate about sharing information with aspiring students. Fred graduated from Harvard University with a Bachelor's in Mathematics and a PhD in Economics. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on how to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. 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