Babylonian Mathematics and the Base 60 System

Babylonian mathematics used a sexagesimal (base 60) system that was so functional it remains in effect, albeit with some tweaks, in the 21st century. Whenever people tell time or make reference to the degrees of a circle, they rely on the base 60 system. Base 10 or Base 60 The system surfaced circa 3100 BCE, according to The New York Times. â€Å"The number of seconds in a minute — and minutes in an hour — comes from the base-60 numeral system of ancient Mesopotamia,† the paper noted. Although the system has stood the test of time, it is not the dominant numeral system used today. Instead, most of the world relies on the base 10 system of Hindu-Arabic origin. The number of factors distinguishes the base 60 system from its base 10 counterpart, which likely developed from people counting on both hands. The former system uses 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 15, 20, 30, and 60 for base 60, while the latter uses 1, 2, 5, and 10 for base 10. The Babylonian mathematics system may not be as popular as it once was, but it has advantages over the base 10 system because the number 60 â€Å"has more divisors than any smaller positive integer,† the Times pointed out. Instead of using times tables, the Babylonians multiplied using a formula that depended on knowing just the squares. With only their table of squares (albeit going up to a monstrous 59 squared), they could compute the product of two integers, a and b, using a formula similar to: ab [(a b)2 - (a - b)2]/4. The Babylonians even knew the formula that’s today known as the Pythagorean theorem. History Babylonian math has roots in the numeric system started by the Sumerians, a culture that began about 4000 BCE in Mesopotamia, or southern Iraq, according to ​USA Today. â€Å"The most commonly accepted theory holds that two earlier peoples merged and formed the Sumerians,† USA Today reported. â€Å"Supposedly, one group based their number system on 5 and the other on 12. When the two groups traded together, they evolved a system based on 60 so both could understand it.† That’s because five multiplied by 12 equals 60. The base 5 system likely originated from ancient peoples using the digits on one hand to count. The base 12 system likely originated from other groups using their thumb as a pointer and counting by using the three parts on four fingers, as three multiplied by four equals 12. The main fault of the Babylonian system was the absence of a zero. But the ancient Maya’s vigesimal (base 20) system had a zero, drawn as a shell. Other numerals were lines and dots, similar to what is used today to tally. Measuring Time Because of their mathematics, the Babylonians and Maya had elaborate and fairly accurate measurements of time and the calendar. Today, with the most advanced technology ever, societies still must make temporal adjustments — almost 25 times per century to the calendar and a few seconds every few years to the atomic clock. There’s nothing inferior about modern math, but Babylonian mathematics may make a useful alternative to children who experience difficulty learning their times tables.

Definition and Examples of Lipograms

A text that purposefully excludes a particular letter of the alphabet  is called a lipogram. The adjective is lipogrammatic. A contemporary example of a lipogram is Andy Wests novel Lost and Found (2002), which does not contain the letter e. Etymology From the Greek, missing letter Examples and Observations: The earliest lipograms are thought to have been composed in the sixth century BC, but none has survived; maybe they were never actually written down, only imagined, to circulate among the clerisy as instant legends of verbal skill. . . . [T]he lipogram should be a purposeless ordeal undertaken voluntarily, a gratuitous taxing of the brain, and the severer the better. It should make the business of writing not pleasanter but harder.(John Sturrock, Georges Perec. The Word From Paris: Essays on Modern French Thinkers and Writers. Verso, 1998)Gadsby: A Lipgram on EUpon this basis I am going to show you how a bunch of bright young folks did find a champion; a man with boys and girls of his own; a man of so dominating and happy individuality that Youth is drawn to him as is a fly to a sugar bowl. It is a story about a small town. It is not a gossipy yarn; nor is it a dry, monotonous account, full of such customary fill-ins as romantic moonlight casting murky shadows down a long, winding co untry road. Nor will it say anything about tinklings lulling distant folds; robins caroling at twilight, nor any warm glow of lamplight from a cabin window. No. It is an account of up-and-doing activity; a vivid portrayal of Youth as it is today; and a practical discarding of that worn-out notion that a child dont know anything.Now, any author, from historys dawn, always had that most important aid to writing: an ability to call upon any word in his dictionary in building up his story. That is, our strict laws as to word construction did not block his path. But in my story that mighty obstruction will constantly stand in my path; for many an important, common word I cannot adopt, owing to its orthography.(Ernest Vincent Wright, from Gadsby, 1939--a story of more than 50,000 words that does not contain the letter e)Most common of all marks from A to Z,Its tyrant to orthography, and smugThat not a thing of worth is said withoutOur using it. . . .(Daniel J. Webster, A Lipogram: Writing Without It. Keeping Order on My Shelf: Poems and Translations. iUniverse, 2005)A Void: Another Lipogram on ENoon rings out. A wasp, making an ominous sound, a sound akin to a klaxon or a tocsin, flits about. Augustus, who has had a bad night, sits up blinking and purblind. Oh what was that word (is his thought) that ran through my brain all night, that idiotic word that, hard as Id try to put it down, was always just an inch or two out of my grasp--fowl or foul or Vow or Voyal?--a word which, by association, brought into play an incongruous mass and magma of nouns, idioms, slogans and sayings, a confusing, amorphous outpouring which I sought in vain to control or turn off but which wound around my mind a whirlwind of a cord, a whiplash of a cord, a cord that would split again and again, would knit again and again, of words without communication or any possibility of combination, words without pronunciation, signification or transcription but out of which, notwithstanding, was broug ht forth a flux, a continuous, compact and lucid flow: an intuition, a vacillating frisson of illumination as if caught in a flash of lightning or in a mist abruptly rising to unshroud an obvious sign--but a sign, alas, that would last an instant only to vanish for good.(Georges Perec, La Disparition--a 300-page novel that does not contain the letter e; translated by Gilbert Adair as A Void)181 Missing OsN mnk t gd t rb r cg r plt.N fl s grss t blt Sctch clips ht.Frm Dnjns tps n rnc rlls.Lgwd, nt Lts, flds prts bwls.Bx tps, nt bttms, schl-bys flg fr sprt.N cl mnsns blw sft n xfrd dns,rthdx, jg-trt, bk-wrm Slmns.Bid strgths f ghsts n hrrr shw.n Lndn slp-frnts n hp-blssms grw.T crcks f gld n dd Iks fr fd.n sft cltl fstls n Id fx dth brd.Lng strm-tst slps frlrn, wrk n t prt.Rks d nt rst n spns, nr wd-ccks snrt,Nr dg n snw-drd r n cits rlls,Nr cmmn frg cncct lng prtcls.(Unknown, quoted by Willard R. Espy in The Game of Words. Grosset Dunlap, 1972)

Key Concepts Of Identity, Identification, Place And Social...

I am writing to compare two articles from two different sources. I will be exploring the key concepts of identity, identification, place and social memory and how theses sociological concepts are displayed within the articles. Identity is â€Å"the process that informs the way in which people see themselves and the groups they belong to and also how other groups categorize a person.† Pountney and Maric (2015) pages 144-5. â€Å"Identity is relational, situational and multiple. It is better to understand identification as a process of continual negotiation and renegotiation.† This statement confirms our identities are forever changing due to our circumstances or surrounding environments and certain aspects of our identities are chosen and negotiated. The Sikh youths in the UK prove this theory through this statement; ‘There’s a time to be Indian and a time to be British’ K. Hall (2002). Identification is â€Å"the ongoing process that describes the way in which individuals and groups see themselves and the way others see them.† It refers to the way people develop their cultural identity; language, ethnicity, religion and social class are all examples of social characteristics that give people a shared sense of belonging. Pountney and Maric (2015) pages 144-5. Yi-Fu Tuan discussed â€Å"Place as a location created by human experiences (Tuan, 2001). Whereas ‘space’ may have no human connection, a ‘place’ carries meanings given by humans. It can be any size - a city, neighbourhood or aShow MoreRelatedThe Perception of Personal Identity2541 Words   |  11 PagesIn the past, individual’s identities were often assigned to them by the hegemonic culture, largely based on their conceptualization of sameness. The hegemonic culture dominated identity discourse by drawing distinct boundaries between racial and cultural groups, separating and defining them. Modern discourse however, has seen individuals taking the power of assigning identity signifiers for themselves often in periods of great social change. While times of resistance are often the most easily recalledRead MoreUnderstanding Identity Asolitarist Approach1630 Words   |  7 PagesWhen understanding identity a ‘solitarist approach is, in general , a very efficient way of misunderstanding nearly everyone in the world.’ As Amartya Sen explains, a single-minded ‘perception of oneness with our respective â€Å"civilizations†[sic]’ disregards the multiple and complex identities that belong to each human being. Sen states ‘it must also be recognized that reductionist cultivation of singular identities has indeed been responsible for a good deal of what we call â€Å"engineered bloodshed†Read MoreSecond Language Acquisition And Identity Formation1531 Words   |  7 PagesSecond Language Acquisition and Identity Formation Research Question: â€Å"What role does learning a second language play in the way one shapes their identity?† Background: Identity is subjective, not only to the individual to which the identity belongs, but also the way in which others perceive identity. This means that identity is not solely an individual event, but also a social one. Without social practices, such as identifying with specific cultures and norms, how would one know with which customsRead MoreWhiteness Of A Different Color1363 Words   |  6 PagesMatthew Frye Jacobson’s Whiteness of a Different Color offers innovative insight into the concept of â€Å"race† and the evolution of â€Å"whiteness† throughout American history. Jacobson focuses his analysis on the instability of racial identification over time and how race has been created and perceived throughout different stages of history. He states in his introduction that â€Å"one of the tasks before the historian is to discover which racial categories are useful to whom at a given moment, and why† (pRead MoreThe Characterizations on the English Patient 1652 Words   |  7 PagesAs the concept of nationality, boundaries, and social confinement are no longer stable in the wartime desert, national borders and identity in the novel become blurred and ambiguous. The war breaks the boundaries of nations, so identity also brings the feeling of lack for a definable identity. The characters’ identities are deconstructed by their attempts to escape from their names, their bodies, and their environment. First of all, Almasy in this story represents multiplicity of identity. As weRead MoreWhy Stories Matter Convincingly Questions The Belief That Securing More Accurate Narratives Of The Past Essay1388 Words   |  6 Pagesbase, however. Although the extensiveness of Hemmings’s study is astonishing, her study begins and ends with feminist theory and the affective impulses escaping feminist theory’s discursive threshold (and inadvertently shaping it). 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The chief aim is to excite and lure the customers to buy one s goods (Bruce and PetersRead MoreEuropean Collective Identity11275 Words   |  46 PagesEuropean Journal of Social Theory http://est.sagepub.com/ A Theory of Collective Identity Making Sense of the Debate on a European Identity Klaus Eder European Journal of Social Theory 2009 12: 427 DOI: 10.1177/1368431009345050 The online version of this article can be found at: http://est.sagepub.com/content/12/4/427 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com Additional services and information for European Journal of Social Theory can be found at: Email Alerts: http://estRead MoreMarketing Management, Kotler Keller Chapter Summaries1107 Words   |  5 PagesMarketing Management Chapter 8 key points * To develop the best marketing plans, managers need to understand what makes each segment unique and different. * Effective target marketing requires: market segmentation; market targeting, and market positioning. * A market segment consists of a group of customers who share a similar set of needs and wants. Market segments are generally defined by looking at descriptive characteristics or behavioral considerations. * GeographicRead MoreIdentity And The Search For The Self Among The Sub Continental Diaspora10173 Words   |  41 Pages Chapter- One Theorising Identity and The Search for The Self among the sub-continental Diaspora in Britain Identity has always been a problematic area of interrogation epistemologically, existentially and politically and it continues to propel our thought. Etymologically, the term is derived from Latin word ‘Idem’ meaning ‘same’ (Oxford Online Dictionary) which means ‘specific quality or condition of being a specific person or an object†. A person’s identity is determined in terms of his/her

Negative Effects of Television on Chidren - 521 Words

Some teachers are confused why students are not learning well in classes. There is information that suggests that many young people stay up late and as a result are tired in school. Several electronics, such as video games, Internet devices, and TV disturb children’s sleeping time. Some electronics harm the development of children unless they are used in moderation. TV, for example, is one of the most convenient electronics in world. It is amusing and brings entertainment to the comfort of households. Many people grew up watching television as children and they are used to it. However, TV programs can be a bad influence to children, and negatively effect children’s vision and relations. Television is the most popular medium of entertainment today and we are apt to watch TV, irrespective of what program is on. It is cheap, easily accessible, and every home today boasts a TV set. It gives us immediate information about what is happening across the world. We can see different countries and people of different cultures. However, TV, including movies, causes grave harm to children’s psyche. Although the only thing TV and movie violence can do is to put the idea and image of violence on the viewers because how to react to it totally depends on each individual. However, it can have a great impact on viewers, especially small children. Some survey stated that male children the age of 2 to 5 who watched violent cartoon TV programs tend to get violent after watching them. AccordingShow MoreRelatedEffects of Television Violence and Children3538 Words   |  15 PagesEffects of Television violence and Children Outline: I.THESIS STAEMENT: Although the television serves as a form of entertainment, when you abuse its use, and make it a habit to watch, it gives negative effects on the behavior of children especially in their brain’s development. II. PORPUSE OF THE RESEARCH III. INTRODUCTION IV. HIPOTHESIS amp; METHOD A. CHILDREN QUESTIONNAIRE 1. HOW IT CAN AFFECT VIEWER’S BEHAVIOUR 2. CHILDREN RESPONSES B. EFFECTS amp; RESULTS 1. NEGATIVE EFFECTS a. Behavior ofRead MoreThe Societal Issues Of Advertising1729 Words   |  7 Pagesadvertising (Curran and Richards, 2000). Children have not yet fully developed their mental cognition and lack the complete toolset to appreciate advertising critically. Critics say advertisers take advantage of it without worrying about the negative effects it could have on children. Individuals also blame companies to advertise in too subtle ways such as in schools (Royal College of Nursing, 2010). Parents argue that school should be a place to learn free from psychological manipulation and pressureRead MoreEssay about Advertising and Childhood Obesity2520 Words   |  11 Pages a spread of commercials showing McDonalds, Pepsi, Kellogg cereal, etc. Thus, giving children the urge to get up from a morning of television and pouring a bowl of sugary cereal, or convince their parents to take them to McDonalds for a Happy Meal lunch. These advertisements are showing children â€Å"wants† instead o f â€Å"needs.† These advertisements are promoting negative social consequences, such as obesity and health risks, including smoking and alcohol. Abstract Through an examination of the backgroundRead MoreEssay about Negative Impact of Advertising to Children3938 Words   |  16 PagesThe Negative Impact of Advertising to Children As citizens in the modern world, we are used to being bombarded with over 3,000 advertisements over the course of our day (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2006). Advertisements are so common that we often do not realize we are viewing them. Originally, an advertisement was a way to reach the world. In the early days of television, the programming had to be entertaining for many demographics, because there were only a few channels that targeted a mass

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Professional Project Marketing Ethics & Society

Question: Discuss about the Professional Project of Marketing Ethics Society. Answer: Project Description The project is concerned with analysing the role of ethics in marketing research. Marketing ethics is a branch of applied ethics that deals with moral principles behind all marketing efforts. It concerns with the operation and regulation of marketing. A marketing strategy deals with the ways an organization satisfies members in a target market (Javalgi and Russell 2015). This project shall study the ways in which ethics in marketing be implemented in the organization. The major issues faced by the top management in minimizing unethical practices in marketing managers are also stated. The extent of ethical problems of marketing managers is analyzed (Ferrell and Keig 2013). Aims Ethical marketing is a difficult subject as every individual has his own perception of right and wrong. The main aim of this project is to provide people the means for dealing with moral dilemmas and complications. Additionally, a list of aims is stated as under: To promote fairness, honesty and integrity in marketing practices. To provide aids for marketing decision making. To avoid deceptive marketing practices in organizations. To discuss ethics openly and widely while making all marketing decisions (Hoffman and Frederick 2014). Background Every organization must follow ethical marketing practices to guide their advertising, research, pricing, and competitive strategies. The ethical issues in marketing arrive from disagreements and conflicts. There are various ethical danger points that must be taken care of. The issues in marketing research occur from stereotyping and invasion of privacy (Smith and Murphy 2012). People, client, researcher and respondents may be affected due to stereotyping and invasion of privacy. The organizations involved in marketing activities use data given by respondents to influence product design and pricing. The organization requires an ethical approach for keeping the information private and confidential and must not be leaked without their consent. Increasing the price for simply increasing the level of profit beyond the strategic plan or reducing it to drive out competitors is a part of unethical marketing practice (Javalgi and Russell 2015). If the marketing managers follow unethical practices in the organization, it shall affect the retention of customers. It is critical to behave in an ethical manner because it is the cornerstone of long-term profitability. Additionally, it is important to strive for the greatest good and eliminating harm wherever possible. The project plan of ethics in marketing research shall help in exploring ways to remove harm caused due to unethical practices. The organizations shall be positively affected if the ethical standards are applied effectively (Tsalikis and Fritzsche 2013). Ethics may be followed while setting prices of products. It should also be implemented as a tactic in the organization. The marketing content must be prepared in a manner that avoids unfulfilling or false claims. Ethics shall help in providing clear instructions highlighting the dangers and ways to avoid them. It would be convenient for the target market to purchase a particular product (Schwartz 2015). An ethical program can be implemented in the organization in several ways. It shall start with setting out clear values. An organization must have clear company values as the ethical programs and practices can be most effective when the employees are driven by values rather than being driven by compliances. The organization must involve employees at multiple levels so that the values can be renewed throughout. The senior management support is necessary for ethical practices to be successful (Tsalikis and Fritzsche 2013). The senior managers are responsible for setting ethics and aligning it with the company standards. The directors must engage so that the marketing managers can carry out ethical responsibilities with confidence. Ethics can also be built as mission and vision statement that would help the employees understand values and maintain it. Ethical programs shall also be helpful in making appropriate decisions and encourage ethical autonomy in the organization. Acceptable eth ical practices may vary from one person to the next, so employers should give clear instruction of what is expected when an employee discovers unethical behaviour, including whom they should contact and how it will be managed (Carroll and Buchholtz 2012). Significance Ethics in marketing research is a significant study as organizations need to engage themselves in fair practices. Additionally, ethics is important in terms of theory development. Every employee desires to work for an organization that follows ethical practices. To be fair, ethical and honest is basic human need. An organization must also follow ethics for creating credibility. An organization needs to follow ethical practices to be valued and respected in the global market (Eagle and Dahl 2011). Additionally, ethics is significant for uniting people and leadership. It helps in aligning behaviours towards one common mission or goal. Ethics shall also be helpful in safeguarding the law of society. The reason why organizations must look into the field of applied ethics is that it is for the greatest good of all. The ethical concepts play a vital role as unethical practices pose severe threat to the managers as well as employees. The project is significant in all organizations as stakeh olders are involved who have interest tied with the people in organization (Tsalikis and Fritzsche 2013). Research Questions Based on the above background and literature, the following primary question arises: Is it important for the field of marketing to be governed by ethics? A few other questions that shall be addressed in the project plan are: Why is it important to maintain ethics in marketing research? What are the risks faced by the stakeholders if unethical practices are followed in marketing research?s the goodwill and credibility of the organization hampered due to unethical marketing research practices? (Tsalikis and Fritzsche 2013) Gantt Chart and Assessment Milestones Particulars Milestone Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Formulating marketing research problem Choosing methods of investigation Framework of research design Choosing data collection techniques Establishing sample design Collect data Analysis and interpretation Presenting report References Carroll, A. and Buchholtz, A., 2012.Business society. Australia: South-Western, Cengage Learning. Eagle, L. and Dahl, S., 2011.Marketing ethics society. New York: Sage Publications. Ferrell, O. and Keig, D., 2013. The Marketing Ethics Course: Current State and Future Directions.Journal of Marketing Education, 35(2), pp.119-128. Hoffman, W. and Frederick, R., 2014.Business ethics. New York: Mc Graw-Hill. Javalgi, R. and Russell, L., 2015. International Marketing Ethics: A Literature Review and Research Agenda.J Bus Ethics. Schwartz, M., 2015. Ethical Decision-Making Theory: An Integrated Approach.J Bus Ethics. Smith, N. and Murphy, P., 2012.Marketing ethics. Los Angeles: SAGE. Tsalikis, J. and Fritzsche, D., 2013. Business ethics: A literature review with a focus on marketing ethics.J Bus Ethics, 8(9), pp.695-743.

Strategic Management and Professional Development Plan

Question: Discuss about the Professional Development Plan. Answer: Introduction: Professional development plan reflects specific path that individuals develop for fulfilling all the professional objectives. Individuals generally develop professional plan based on their knowledge and skills so that the objectives can be fulfilled in an appropriate way. Many studies have also highlighted the significance of aligning professional development plan with organizational design for making realistic goals (Zakarevi?ius and Ã… ½uperkien? 2015). Now, my professional goal is to hold senior management position in marketing department in a reputed organization. In this study, I will focus on providing in-depth analysis of my professional development plan for achieving all my goals in an appropriate way. I understand the fact that I have to come up with the organizational hierarchy for holding senior management position in the marketing domain. For that reason, development of clear plan is necessary for fulfilling all the objectives in an appropriate way. It is clear that I hav e to start from the executive position to fulfill my professional goals and objectives. The study will provide the amount of benefits that proper development of professional plan can have on individuals. Furthermore, the study will also provide an action plan for achieving the desired objectives in an effective way. The action plan will focus on including each detail so that it can provide a clear idea regarding the present professional condition. Critical reflection: I believe professional development plan is extremely important to provide individuals a root map regarding the career enhancement process. I believe proper utilization of professional development plan allow individuals to assess their strengths and weaknesses in an appropriate way. Therefore, it has become easier for the individuals to take necessary steps to reduce the amount of weaknesses. Furthermore, it allows individuals to identify next step towards the fulfillment of professional objectives. As per the article by Moon (2013) professional development plan provide realistic aims or goals for an individual, which influence them to give their best at the workplace. As a result, I believe it has increased the efficiency level of the employees that also create positive impact on the effectiveness of the operational process of an organization. I also feel that professional development plan allow individuals to focus on enhancing specific skill set so that they can able to counter dif ferent organizational challenges. For instance, I am focusing on enhancing my communicational skill level so that I can perform the job responsibilities of a senior marketing manager in an appropriate way. However, I feel that becoming a senior manager in the marketing department requires specific skills and attributes. Therefore, it is necessary for me to evaluate all the attributes mentioned in the How to fit the design in an appropriate way to have a clear idea about my positive and negative aspects. Now, the first attribute of How to fit the design is focusing on teamwork aspect. I believe teamwork is necessary for any marketing team for fulfilling its objectives in an appropriate manner. Therefore, it is necessary for me to focus on the teamwork aspect in a detailed way (Leong et al. 2014). However, I believe that I am naturally a team player, as I have successfully completed several team projects already. Furthermore, I feel that working with other individuals allow understanding same situation from different perspectives, which also can create positive impact on the operational process. Furthermore, I have captained my school football team for 2 years successfully. Therefore, I feel that it will not be a big issue for me to work in a team appropriately. Furthermore, development of teamwork requires in-depth understanding from the leaders regarding the emotional and perceptional attributes. For that reason, I believe that it is necessary for any leader to gather in-depth knowledge regarding the maintenance of the emotional attributes, which is necessary for developing string team commitment. The second attribute of How to fit the design focus on personal networking aspect. As per the article by Jeffries et al. (2013), proper utilization of personal networking process can actually help managers to resolve issue of the subordinates in an effective way. Proper utilization of networking system allows organization to capture best talents available in market, which is necessary for fulfilling any business responsibilities. For that reason, I have tried to increase my personal network as much as possible so that it can help me in the professional career as well. I have mentioned strong relationship with my old school friends and other charitable causes for enhancing my management skill as much as possible. However, I do not like giving unwanted advice to other people, which might have affected my personal networking skills. Thirdly, How to fit the design has focused on the international role that managers have to play for providing additional benefits to the organizations. In the globalized business environment, every organization is looking on to expand its businesses all across the globe. Therefore, I believe it is necessary for any managers to focus on enhancing the skill level so that they can able to handle international business challenges in an appropriate manner. In the present globalize business environment, managers need to possess skills to handle entire internal issues of the businesses (Cross, Belich and Rudelius 2015). I feel that the kind of skills required for handling international business issues come only with the experience. Therefore, I will have to focus on enhancing my professional experience level for fulfilling all the international requirements of the organization in an appropriate way. Fourth aspect of How to fit the design focuses on the corporate cultural preferences as it also can create major impact on the effectiveness of the operational process. As per the article by McConnell, Delate and Newlon (2015), corporate culture plays a significant role in developing proper working environment where employees can give their best at the workplace. Therefore, it is regarded as one of the prime responsibilities of the managers to utilize corporate cultural preferences in such a way so that all the business objectives of the organization can be fulfilled in an appropriate manner. Therefore, as a manager it is necessary to evaluate cultural perspective of the employees in an in-depth way so that they can able to maintain healthy work culture, which is necessary for achieving sustainable growth in the market. Fifthly, How to fit the design has focused on the goal setting attributes of the managers, as it helps to direct the employees towards same direction. I feel that managers need to have proper goal setting skills to motivate employees to give their best at the workplace. I believe setting realistic goals influences employees to give that extra effort towards the fulfillment of organizational goals. As a result, it helps employees to complete all the tasks within the provided responsibilities (Lantos 2015). Now, I have assessed that I do possess skills to develop realistic goals for the employees, which will help me to develop healthy work culture. I am also very clear in defining goals to other employees so that the entire group remains on same page. I feel that goals setting skills would help me to fulfill my professional objectives in an appropriate manner. Thereafter, the focus of How to fit the design is provided on organizational size. Thus, it actually focuses on to evaluate the individuals perspective for selecting a particular job. For instance, I would definitely like to work in the prime well-established organizations, as it expected to provide me more challenge to fulfill my responsibilities. I feel that working in large size organization will definitely help me to gather knowledge regarding all possible aspects of marketing. I also believe that working in large size organization as manager, will help to handle more employees for fulfilling organizational responsibilities, which will help to improve my skills as managers. On the other hand, Janssen et al. (2013) have focused on the evaluation of mind in order to provide an idea regarding the kind of intelligence is required to fulfill the entire managerial responsibilities. Now, I believe that I am capable of working under extreme pressure situation, which will allow me to hand le employees in an appropriate manner. Thereafter, the focus will be on strategy formulation capabilities of individuals, as it is required to become a successful manager (DeConinck and Stilwell 2015). I feel that proper utilization of organizational strategies is necessary for fulfilling all the responsibilities in an effective manner. Finally, How to fit the design has focused on the innovative skills of the managers, as it can have great impact on the overall effectiveness of the business process. As per the article by Zepeda (2012), increasing competition in the global market has influenced organizations to develop innovative strategies for gaining competitive advantage in the market. Therefore, as a marketing manager, I will definitely have to focus on developing innovative strategies to maintain the growth rate of the organization. Professional development action plan: The above discussion has highlighted several factors that managers need to focus on for fulfilling all the objectives in an appropriate manner. However, I have focused on the three attributes for becoming better leader in the organizational environment. For instance, I have selected team development perspective to handle organizational challenges in an appropriate way. I have evaluated that my How to fit the design score in the team development attribute is 5, which highlighted the fact that working within a team is not a big challenge for me. Furthermore, the score also highlights the fact that I am comfortable enough work alone with the limited guidance, which I believe will help me to grow up in my professional career. Now, in order to enhance my skill as a team player, I have focused on being part of several groups at the similar time. I feel that the more I will interact with different individuals, the better I will become in handling team challenges. I have already devoted myse lf with a non-profit organization, where I have been a part of around 25 members team. I believe it will help me to gain practical experiences regarding the team development aspect. Furthermore, I am trying to enhance my communication skills as much as possible to ensure that I can able to communicate effectively with all members of the team in an appropriate way. Moreover, I am also looking to evaluate my performances as a team player in order to identify the areas where improvement is required. I am also trying to assess the level of bond I am capable of creating with other members so that it can provide me an idea regarding where I stand as team player currently. Secondly, I am focusing on enhancing my perspective regarding the size of the organizations. I have analyzed that my How to fit the design score in this attributes is 7, which has highlighted the fact that my preferences is biased towards the large size organization. I have already mentioned that I am more focused towards working in well-established organizations. I believe that working in large size organization will expose me in different types of challenges, which will enrich my knowledge as a manager. However, Eady and Hardy (2015) have mentioned that small size organizations also do have their separate set of challenges that marketing managers will have to counter in an appropriate manner. For instance, majority of the time small size organizations invest very limited amount on the promotional activities. As a result, marketing managers will have to be extremely careful regarding the utilization of provided fund so that it can able to create maximum impact on the market. For tha t reason, I believe I have to open my mind on working with small or mid size organizations as well, as it can also provide me greater knowledge regarding the management skills and liabilities. For that reason, I am currently focusing on to have face-to-face communication with different individuals working as marketing managers in several sectors. I believe it will help me to understand all the managerial perspective in an appropriate way. I am also trying to understand the differences between working in large size and small size organizations. I believe it will help me to prepare myself for all kind of distinct challenges that a marketing manager has to face for fulfilling organizational responsibilities. However, I feel that large size organizations are very much concerned regarding the employee development. For that reason, I believe it will focus on proving enough training to the all levels of employees, which will allow them to enhance their level of knowledge and skills in a ma jor way. I believe working in large size organizations will help me to grow up in my professional career in an appropriate way. Thirdly, I will focus on the goal setting attributes, as it will help organizations to fulfill all its objectives in an appropriate way. I have evaluated my How to fit the design score in this attributes is 8, which highlighted the fact that I am very much versed in setting realistic goals for the subordinates. It also established the fact that my goal setting strategies are versed enough to fulfill all the aims and objectives of the organizations in an appropriate way. I believe that goal setting skills is among the prime skills that marketing managers need to have for fulfilling all the provided responsibilities. For that reason, I am trying to assess the kind of goals several successful managers are setting to encourage the employees to give their best at the workplace. I believe it is crucial to identify the factors that can have impact on the effectiveness of the goal setting strategies. For instance, I have identified that evaluating the capabilities of the employees, provided fund of the organizations, provided timeframe can also have major impact on the effectiveness of the goal setting strategies. Conclusion: The above discussion has highlighted the fact that effective utilization of professional development plan can help individuals to fulfill their professional objectives in an appropriate way. However, the above assessment has highlighted the fact that individuals will have to consider several factors for fulfilling desired objectives. The study has also highlighted the fact that holding the post of marketing managers require continues improvement. Therefore, a proper plan can help individuals to move towards the right direction in an effective way. References: Cross, J.C., Belich, T.J. and Rudelius, W., 2015. How marketing managers use market segmentation: an exploratory study. InProceedings of the 1990 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 531-536). Springer International Publishing. DeConinck, J.B. and Stilwell, C.D., 2015. Turnover Intentions of Marketing Managers. 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